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AFGHANISTAN

AFGHANISTAN. Environmental Health Risks. Greatest short-term risks are associated with ingestion of contaminated food/water, extreme heat/cold, high altitude Greatest long-term risks associated with air contamination and chemical contamination of food/water. Environmental Issues.

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AFGHANISTAN

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  1. AFGHANISTAN

  2. Environmental Health Risks • Greatest short-term risks are associated with ingestion of contaminated food/water, extreme heat/cold, high altitude • Greatest long-term risks associated with air contamination and chemical contamination of food/water

  3. Environmental Issues • Air Quality Contamination • Low Risk: Minimal health effects • High levels of particulate matter (PM10) able to reach the lungs recorded at Salerno, Kandahar, & Bagram • Short-term (less than or equal to 14 days duration) exposure presents a risk of temporary respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and reduced lung function

  4. Environmental Issues • Soil Contamination • Localized to specific areas around industrial facilities, waste disposal ditches, and open sewage ditches • Significant exposure is unlikely • Drinking Water Contamination • Contaminated with raw sewage • One of the most significant health threats to deployed personnel • Sewage contamination of drinking water in urban areas is common

  5. Infectious Disease Risk • HIGH RISKfor infectious diseases • Inadequate Force Health Protection (FHP) measures, will place service members at risk and seriously jeopardize mission effectiveness

  6. Infectious Diseases • Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases • High Risk = Diarrhea, Hepatitis A, Typhoid Fever • Intermediate Risk = Brucellosis, Cholera, Hepatitis E • FHP Priorities • Consume food, water, ice only from US-approved sources • Wash your hands after using latrines and before eating (hand washing stations should be near latrines and dining facilities)

  7. Infectious Diseases • Vector-borne Diseases • High Risk = Malaria • Intermediate Risk= Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, leishmaniasis, sand fly fever, typhus, West Nile fever • FHP Priorities • Use DEET on all exposed skin • Treat field uniforms with permethrin • Use bed nets in field conditions, treat with permethrin • Take your malaria medication as directed – if you have questions, ask!

  8. Infectious Diseases • Vector-borne Diseases • High Risk = Malaria • Intermediate Risk = Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, leishmaniasis, sand fly fever, typhus, West Nile fever • FHP Priorities • Use DEET on all exposed skin • Treat field uniforms with permethrin • Use bed nets in field conditions, treat with permethrin • Take your malaria medication as directed – if you have questions, ask!

  9. Infectious Diseases • Animal-contact Diseases • High Risk= Rabies: among the highest in the world • Intermediate Risk= Anthrax, Q-fever • FHP Priorities • Avoid animal contact, especially if the animal exhibits strange behavior • No mascots • Report all animal bites and scratches

  10. Infectious Diseases • Sexually Transmitted Diseases • Intermediate Risk= Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, HIV, Hepatitis B • FHP Priorities • Refrain from any sexual activity while on deployment (Adhere to General Order regarding this issue)

  11. Infectious Diseases Water-borne Disease Intermediate Risk= leptospirosis FHP Priorities Avoid unnecessary contact with lakes, rivers, streams, and other surface water There will not be a sign like this.

  12. Infectious Diseases • Respiratory Diseases • Intermediate Risk = Tuberculosis, meningococcal meningitis • FHP Priorities • Tuberculin skin test before and after deployment • 72 sq ft/person and head-to-toe sleeping arrangement • Cough or sneeze into your upper sleeve instead of your hands • Wash hands at every opportunity • Avoid close contact with local population

  13. Hazardous Animals • Animals • Rabid dogs, poisonous snakes, centipedes, scorpions, spiders • Plants • Mexican Poppy, Fetid Nightshade • FHP Priorities • Do not handle or feed animals • Shake out boots, clothing, & bedding • Do not touch, chew, eat, or burn unfamiliar plants

  14. Summary • Physical Environment • Infectious Diseases =High Risk • Hazardous Animals • FHP measuresare simple and effective • Use and Enforce • Will conserve the fighting strength • Help ensure mission success • COME HOME HEALTHY!!!

  15. Summary • Physical Environment • Infectious Diseases =High Risk • Hazardous Animals • FHP measuresare simple and effective • Use and Enforce • Will conserve the fighting strength • Help ensure mission success • COME HOME HEALTHY!!!

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