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Ashley L. Richardson (Amanda M. Brouwer Ph.D.)

Exploring diabetes self-care behaviors : The effect of Social Support, Stigma, Self - efficacy, and motivation . Ashley L. Richardson (Amanda M. Brouwer Ph.D.). DIABETES BACKGROUND. 25.8 million people in the United States have diabetes 1 ; 3 million live with Type 1 Diabetes 3

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Ashley L. Richardson (Amanda M. Brouwer Ph.D.)

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  1. Exploring diabetes self-care behaviors:The effect of Social Support, Stigma, Self-efficacy, and motivation Ashley L. Richardson (Amanda M. Brouwer Ph.D.)

  2. DIABETES BACKGROUND • 25.8 million people in the United States have diabetes1; 3 million live with Type 1 Diabetes3 • 7th leading cause of death; death is twice as likely1 • Increased risk of heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney disease, and amputation1 • Diabetes can be controlled and risks minimized by adhering to self-care behaviors2 • Diabetes self-care behaviors:2 • Blood glucose monitoring • Insulin therapy • Healthy diet • Exercise 1American Diabetes Association, 2011; 2American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, 2011; 3JDRF, 2013

  3. Psychosocial variables affecting self-care • Lack of social support and presence of stigma affects self-care behaviors negatively1,4 • Higher self-efficacy is associated with higher self-rated adherence2 • Self-as-doer-identity predicted greater frequency of self-care behaviors3 • Limited research on stigma and self-as-doer identity 1Bandura,1996; 2Senécal, Nouwen, & White, 2000; 3Brouwer & Mosack, 2013; 4Wellard, Rennie, & King, 2008

  4. HYPOTHESES • Hypothesis #1: Associations among variables • Social support, self-efficacy, and motivation will have a positive relationship with self-care behaviors • Stigma will have a negative relationship with self-care behaviors • Hypothesis #2: Predictors of self-care behaviors • Social support, self-efficacy, and motivation will predict an increase in self-care behaviors • Stigma will predict a decrease in self-care behaviors

  5. methods • Participants: • 166 total: 134 women, 31 men • Ages 18-64 years old (M=30.99, SD=10.71) • Diagnosed on average 16.87 years (SD=11.30) • 89.8% Caucasian • Participants were recruited through social media sites and completed an online survey • Analysis: Pearson’s correlations and multiple linear regressions

  6. MEASURES • Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities1 • How many of the last 7 days have you followed a healthful eating plan? • Self-as-Doer Diabetes2 • To what degree do you see yourself as a consistent blood sugar record keeper? • Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire3 • The reason I follow or may follow my diet and exercise regularly is that… 1Toobert, Hampson, & Glasgow, 2000; 2Brouwer & Mosack, 2013; 3Williams, Freedman, & Deci, 1998

  7. MEASURES • Diabetes Care Profile (Social Support Subscale Only)4 • I want a lot of help and support from my family or friends in… • Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness5 • Some people have acted as though it is my fault I have diabetes • Diabetes Self-Efficacy6 • I am confident in my ability to check my blood sugar if necessary 4Fitzgerald, Davis, Connell, Hess, Funnell, & Hiss, 1996; 5Rao et al., 2009; 6van der Bijl & Shortridge-Baggett, 2001

  8. RESULTS: Hyp #1 Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlation Coefficients

  9. RESULTS: Hyp #2 Regression Analyses for Predicting Self-Care Behaviors

  10. DISCUSSION • Hypotheses were partially supported • Self-efficacy and a doer identity were significantly related to adherence to self-care behaviors • Diabetes-specific social support needs and support received were not associated • Stigma was not related to self-care behaviors • Interventions focused on developing a self-as-doer identity and building self-efficacy; addressing attitudes about support

  11. Limitations and Future Research • Limitations: • Not an experiment, can’t infer causality • Limited to white women • Future Research: • More general definition of social support • Different recruitment methods • Causal effects of self-as-doer identity and self-care behaviors • Comparison between type 1 and type 2; adolescents and adults

  12. THANK YOU • I would like to thank my participants; without them my research never would have been possible • I would also like to thank the Winona State University Undergraduate Student Research and Creative Projects Grant for funding my research • For more information contact me at: arichardson08@winona.edu • QUESTIONS

  13. DEMOGRAPHICS TABLE

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