Age of Exploration & Isolation

1. Age of Exploration & Isolation 1400-1800

2. God, Glory, & Gold • Europeans had not been isolated from the rest of world before 1400s • 1110 European Crusaders battled Muslims for Holy Lands in SW Asia • 1275 Marco Polo reached court of Kublai China • Before 1400s Europeans had not desire or capability to explore foreign lands • Desire to grow rich & spread Christianity, combined with new sailing technologies spurred age of European exploration

3. Europeans seek new trade routes • GOLD #1 reason- to seek new sources of wealth was main reason for exploration • By sailing, Europeans hoped to find new/faster sea routes to Asia • GLORY • Goals were to • Win access to these lands (BY SEA) • Bypass the Muslims & Italians who currently controlled trade • European monarchs got tired of paying Italians high prices for Asian goods • Spices (nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, pepper) Luxury goods • Merchants could take these back to Europe and make huge profits re-selling them • GOD- Spread of Christianity • Motivation for Europeans to explore • Crusades left Europeans feeling they had a sacred duty to fight the Muslims but to also convert non-Christians in Asia mostly

5. New Technologies • Long voyages were impossible because European ships could not sail against the wind • Caravel- new ship • Stronger built than older ships • Triangular shaped sails allowed better navigation & ability to sail against the wind (Arab invention) • Astrolabe- used to determine location @ sea • used to calculate latitude (determined location North/South) • Magnetic Compass • More accurately calculated direction • Invented by Chinese

6. Portugal Leads the Way • Leaders in applying new technologies • Strong support to explore by government • Prince Henry- Kings Son • Conquered Muslim city of Ceuta- captured spices/jewels • 1st country to establish trading posts along west coast of Africa • Eventually pushed farther into the Indian Ocean

7. Exploring Africa • Prince Henry • went to Africa in 1415 • Discovered wealth beyond Europe- (pepper, cinnamon, spices, gold/silver, & jewels) • Determined to reach the source of these treasures in the east (Asia) • Also wanted to spread Christianity • 1419- Founded navigation school on Portugal’s SW coast • Mapmakers, instrument makers, ship builders, scientists, & captains came to perfect their trade • Within years the Portuguese had established many trading posts along the west coast of Africa • Trading for gold, jewels, & spices • Traded for Africa captives to be used as SLAVES • Started attempting a voyage to Asia

8. Portuguese Reach Asia • To reach Africa they believed they had to sail around tip of Africa • Bartolomeu Dias • 1488 ventured down the west coast until they reached the tip • Storm battered them for days and pushed them to East coast • His crew was exhausted an low on supplies so he turned around and headed home • Vasco da Gama • 1497 began exploring Africa’s east coast • 1498 reached port of Calicut in India • Amazed by the spices, silks, and gems they found • Filled their ship with 60 times what the voyage cost and headed back to Portugal • His 27,000 mile trip established a direct sea route to Asia

9. Spain Gets Involved • Spanish monarchs began to desire a direct route to Asia • Christopher Columbus- 1492 • Convinced monarchs that he could find a route to Asia by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean • October- he reached the Caribbean Islands (Bahamas) • He thought he had reached the East Indies • Opened door for colonization of Americas • Increased tensions between Spain & Portugal • Portuguese believed Columbus had reached Asia • Pope Alexander 6th • Stepped in to keep the peace • Suggested an imaginary dividing line North/South through the Atlantic Ocean • Lands West were Spanish- most of the Americas • Lands East were Portuguese- Asia/Africa

11. Treaty of Tordesillas • Portuguese argued that Spain was given too much territory • Lined moved farther west for Portuguese • Gives them Brazil • Portugal signs Treaty of Tordesillas • Started era of exploration & colonization

12. Trading Empires Clash • European nations scrambled to established trading posts along South/SE Asia • Battled each other and region’s inhabitants • Portugal • 1509 defeated Muslim fleet off coast of India • Became masters of Indian trade • Captured islands of Moluccas- Spice Islands • Spices now cost Portuguese now cost 1/5 of what they used to cost • Spain-1521 • Ferdinand Magellan arrived in Philippines • Settled them in 1565 • Died during Civil war in Philippines crew made it home • First person to circumnavigate the world***

13. Nations Challenge Portugal • Netherlands- Dutch • Worlds largest fleet • 20,000 ships • Battled mostly the English for control of lands in Asia • Dutch East India Company • Mint money • Make treaties • Raise armies • Richer/more powerful than English • Eventually drove English and established dominace over region

14. Dutch Dominance • Seized the spice Islands • Increased control over Indian Ocean • Amsterdam- Netherlands capital • Became leading commercial center • Established trading outposts in several Asian countries • Controlled Cape of Good Hope • Southern tip of Africa

15. England/France • Started establishing trading posts • Started East India Company • Never showed much profit • Limited influence in this region other than India • European traders began to seek new riches in China and Japan

16. Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions • How did Ferdinand Magellan die? • Lost @ Sea • Killed in Philippines during civil war • Heart attack • Starved to death

17. Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions • What Dutch city became the trading capitol of the world due to exploration? • London • Amsterdam • Rotterdam • Luxemburg

18. Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions • Which European country dominated Indian trade and controlled the Cape of Good Hope in Africa? • Spain • Portugal • Netherlands • Chinese

19. Ch.3 Sec.1 Questions • Which Asian country was influenced by England and France during the 1400s Age of Exploration? • Africa • Philippines • Australia • India