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Macromolecules

Explore the key role of carbon atoms in the formation of carbohydrates, including the different types of bonds and structures they can create. Learn about simple sugars and their importance as energy sources, as well as how they can combine to form complex carbohydrates. Discover common tests for the presence of carbohydrates using Benedict's solution and iodine.

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Macromolecules

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  1. Macromolecules Carbohydrates We’re livin’ the sweet life!

  2. The Role of Carbon • Carbon atoms bond with other carbon atoms to form covalent bonds. • When carbon bonds by sharing 1 electron it is a single bond

  3. The Role of Carbon • When carbon bonds by sharing 2 electrons it forms a double bond

  4. The Role of Carbon • When carbon atoms bond by sharing 3 electrons, it is a triple bond

  5. The Role of Carbon • Carbons can bond together to form long chains

  6. The Role of Carbon • Branched chains

  7. The Role of Carbon • Ring Structures

  8. Carbohydrate • The name "carbohydrate" tells you about the elements found in these macromolecules. • "Carbo" refers to carbon, • "hydrate" refers to water, • The three major types of atoms in carbohydrates are C, H, O. ( C H 2 O )

  9. Carbohydrate • Simple sugars are the building blocks of carbohydrates. • As a rule, carbohydrates end in the letters “ose”. • Examples: glucose, fructose, and lactose

  10. Carbohydrate • Simple sugars are used as sources of energy for almost all organisms.

  11. Carbohydrate • Simple sugars composed of one sugar are called monosaccarides • Simple sugars made of two sugars are called disaccarides. Fructose Sucrose

  12. Carbohydrate • Through synthesis reactions, many simple sugars can bond together to build complex carbohydrates. • These are called polysacharides • Examples are starch (food storage in plants), glycogen (food storage in mammals) and plant cellulose (component of plant cell walls)

  13. Testing for the presence of Carbohydrate • Benedict’s solution can be used to detect the presence of simple sugars in solution • The solution changes from blue to orange

  14. Testing for the presence of Carbohydrate • Iodine is used to test for the presence of complex carbohydrates or starch • It will turn bluish-black in the presence of starch

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