Overview of the Monarchs

1. Overview of the Monarchs Kamehameha IV, Kamehameha V, Lunalilo, Kalakaua

2. Kamehameha IV. (Alexander Liholiho) Reigned 1855-1863

3. Overview of Life • Son of Kinau (daughter of Kamehameha) and Kekuanaoa, nephew to Kam III. • Educated by missionaries, however did not care much for missionary ways • Married to Emma Rooke, grandaughter of John Young • One child, Prince Albert, died when he was 4 of a fever • Died one year after his son’s death, overcome with grief • Reigned 1855-1863, was only 29 years old when he died

4. Major Events During Reign • He and Queen Emma started Queen’s hospital in 1859 to offer care for sick Hawaiians • Against Constitution of 1852 that allowed every male citizen to vote • Tried to get a reciprocity treaty with the U.S. instead of annexation, did not pass Reciprocity= reciprocal trading between 2 countries. e.g. Hawaii allows US products tax free and US does the same for Hawaiian products

5. Kamehameha V (Lot Kamehameha) Reigned 1864-1872

6. Overview of Life • Son of Kinau and Kekuanaoa • Last male descendant to Kamehameha • Missionary education • Never married, but was once arranged to marry Bernice Pauahi Bishop (founder of Kamehameha schools) • Died on his birthday Dec 11, 1872 at the age of 42 without naming an heir (He wanted Bernice Pauahi Bishop, but she declined) • Often held hula performances at his home which is now known as Moanalua Gardens

7. Major Events During Reign • Lot and his cabinet wrote the Constitution of 1864, replacing the Constitution on 1852 -Stated that citizens had to meet certain property and literacy requirements -abolished the position of Kuhina Nui -turned the legislature into 1 house rather than 2 • Tried to get a reciprocity treaty with US in 1864 but President Lincoln was busy with the Civil War, another attempt in 1867 also failed • Japanese-American treaty of 1871 established trade, friendship and rules for Japanese immigration into Hawaii. Hawaii wanted Japanese products and workers

8. William Lunalilo Reigned 1873-1874

9. Overview of Life • Elected by the Legislature to be King after Kamehameha V in an election. David Kalakaua was the other candidate • Was popular with the people, but never learned how to run a kingdom • Never married and had no children • Died Feb 3, 1874 after 1 year of ruling as King. He was 39 years old

10. Major Events During Reign • Appointed a new cabinet mostly of Americans • Allowed the legislature to make amendments or changes to the Constitution of 1864, Lunalilo died before the amendments could be made • Father Damien goes to Molokai to care for the lepers in 1873 • More talk of annexation to the U.S. • Lunalilo decides against a reciprocity treaty that would allow U.S. to have Pearl Harbor

11. David Kalakaua Reigned 1874-1891

12. Overview of Life • Married to Kapiolani, grndaughter of Kaumuali`i • Educated at Royal school could speak Hawaiian and English well • Brother of Lili`uokalani • Revived the Hula after being banned by the Missionaries • Merrie Monarch Festival held every year in honor of him • Built ‘Iolani Palace, the only royal Palace in the U.S. Costing $300,000, a huge sum for that time • Died Jan 20, 1891 in SanFrancisco. Last words… “Tell my People I tried.”

13. Major Events During Reign • Appoints heirs, first in line William Pitt Leleiohoku and next was Lili`uokalani • Appointed a cabinet of a variety of ethnicities • First King ever to visit U.S. in 1874 • Reciprocity treaty 1875 with U.S.. U.S. did not want Hawaii to sell all their products to England and thus become special buddies with the U.S.. U.S. wanted Pearl Harbor • Reciprocity treaty renewed in 1887 with U.S. getting exclusive use of Pearl harbor • Railroad and water transportation began 1879 • Electricity used in street lamps, HECO started 1892 • Telephones started to be used, first in the palace • Population increased by half between 1876 and 1892 due to the large immigration

14. Major Events During Reign • Controversial Decisions -Dismissing and appointing a cabinet when he felt like it -Planning his own expensive coronation -trip around the world, expensive -building `Iolani palace, expensive • Public Debt went from $389,000to $2,000,000 • Secret group called the Hawaiian league formed and planned to overthrow the monarchy and get Hawaii annexed by the U.S.

15. Major Events During Reign • 1887. Hawaiian League sends a committee of 13 with armed soldiers to Kalakaua demanding a new constitution be written -Kalakaua offers to surrender his power to other countries in exchange for their help, but they refuse -Kalakaua surrenders to their demands - Kalakaua signs Bayonet Constitution, stripping him of most of his power.

16. Bayonet Constitution • King could not make any decisions without cabinet approval • King could not organize military without legislature approval • Foreigners could vote • Robert Wilcox rebelled with a small army and attempted to restore Kalakaua’s power with a new constitution in 1889, but was unsuccessful. Wilcox was found not guilty for what he did. Event was called Wilcox Rebellion • Kalakaua died before a new constitution was written to replace the Bayonet Constitution