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What’s the matter?

What’s the matter?. The stuff things are made of…. What is Matter?. It’s matter if: It has mass It takes up space Is AIR matter?. Atoms. Smallest unit of matter Contains: Electrons (-) Neutrons (0) Protons (+) P and N are found in the nucleus, E are found orbiting outside the nucleus.

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What’s the matter?

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  1. What’s the matter? The stuff things are made of…

  2. What is Matter? • It’s matter if: • It has mass • It takes up space • Is AIR matter?

  3. Atoms • Smallest unit of matter • Contains: • Electrons (-) • Neutrons (0) • Protons (+) • P and N are found in the nucleus, E are found orbiting outside the nucleus

  4. Elements • Elements are made up the same kind of atom • Defined by the number of protons • Arranged in a periodic table

  5. Typical element Atomic number (indicates the number of protons and the number of electrons) Chemical symbol Chemical name 3 Li Lithium 6.941 Atomic mass (indicates the number of Protons + neutrons)

  6. Compounds • Much of the matter we encounter is a combination of 2 or more elements • Compound • Ex. • 2H + O  H20 (covalently bond) • Na+ + Cl-  NaCl (ionic bond)

  7. Covalent Bonding • Electrons are shared

  8. Ionic Bonding • Electrons are transferred

  9. Chemical Reaction • A new substance is always formed • Can include change in color, odor, etc. • Examples: combustion, photosynthesis, rust, etc. • H + Cl HCl

  10. Properties of water • Solid state is less dense than liquid state • Very unusual property • Result? • Ice floats! • Otherwise, lakes would freeze from the bottom up • Water exists naturally in all 3 states (solid, liquid, gas)

  11. Properties of water • Water is slow to heat up or cool down • It has a high specific heat • Takes a lot of energy to change states • More stable than most compounds for this reason

  12. Properties of water • Cohesion – water sticks to itself • Adhesion – water sticks to other surfaces • High tensile strength-surface tension • These 3 things make transpiration possible, among other things

  13. Properties of water • Water is polar • It has a negative and positive end

  14. Water is polar… so? • It is considered the universal solvent because it can dissolve many things • Whatever is being dissolved is called the solute • If material does not dissolve but is mixed with water it is called a suspension

  15. Acid • An acid is a substance that breaks up into hydrogen ions ( H +) when dissolved in water. • Hydrogen ions are VERY reactive and pull electrons away from other compounds. • 0-6.9 on the pH scale (0=most H+)

  16. Base • A base is a substance that releases hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in water. • OH- is also very reactive • 7.1-14 on the pH scale (14=more OH-)

  17. Chemical Equation • HCl + NaOH  H20 + NaCl Reactant side product side

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