The Early Republic

1. UNIT 3 • Start with the outline of chapter 6 • Outline chs 6-8 • Do PPICE AFTER OUTLINES!! • Then PEGS Chart • Generalization • Concept Chart • Unit 3 charts later • GET A BINDER The Early Republic Early Republic Federalist and Republicans (summary A. Hamilton and Federalist 1 2. 3 B. Enacting Federalist Programs 1. 2. 3 C. Republican Opposition 1. 2. 3 Establishing Notational Sovereignty Securing the Frontier Native Americans and the new nation

2. George Washington Cabinet Foreign affairs (state) Thomas Jefferson Finance (Treasury) Alexander Hamilton War (Defense) Henry Knox Judiciary Act 1789 Federal District Court in each state 3 circuit courts to hear appeals Supreme Court has final say Strengthened Federal control • Bill of Rights • Ratified 1791 • Eased Anti-Federalist fears of Strong Central Government Washington and Hamilton and the shaping of the National Government New Government This should be to fill out or complete your ch outlines. UNIT 3 Hippocampus Lesson 17-22

3. Hamilton’s Financial Program • Enhance National Authority • Favor financiers and merchants • National Bank 1790 • Owned by Federal Government and Private Stock holders • Make Loans • Issue Bills of Credit • 20 Year charter • Jefferson and other Anti-Federalist claimed unconstitutional • Loose Interpretation of Constitution • “Necessary and Proper” Clause • Washington signed the law Washington and Hamilton and the shaping of the National Government The New Government

4. Hamilton’s Financial Program • Funding of State Debt • Federal Government took state loans and honored them on face value • Benefited speculators • Hurt shopkeepers, farmers and soldiers • Interest bearing securities • Permanent National Debt • Debt held by wealthy families Washington and Hamilton and the shaping of the National Government New Government

5. Hamilton’s Financial Program • Pay interest on debt • Raise Revenue • Tariffs, Taxes and Whiskey • Foreign Imports • Not protective but to defray expenses • Encouraged settlement in the West • Government could sell western lands at lower prices • Whiskey Rebellion 1794 • Protest on tax on distilled spirits raise price and cut demand • Back country rebellion • Washington sent in troops and dispersed the rebellion Washington and Hamilton and the shaping of the National Government New Government

6. http://www.gilderlehrman.org/historians/podcasts/podcast.php?podcast_id=547http://www.gilderlehrman.org/historians/podcasts/podcast.php?podcast_id=547 NOTE Taking Skills Listen to a presentation Take Notes Write a summary of the Presentation

7. Political Parties • Interpreting the Constitution • Loose Vs Strict • States Rights • Anti-Federalist • Democratic Republicans • South – Jefferson • Yeomen Farmers • Strong National Government • Federalist • North • Hamilton • Finance and Merchants • First Party System Development of political parties: Federalist and Republicans The New Government

8. Great Britain • Jay ‘s Treaty • Britain's right to remove smuggled goods from American ships • US Pay British merchants for Pre-Revolutionary war debts • British remove troops from Northwest Territory • European Wars • Washington Declared Neutrality • Merchants can trade with both British and French Washington and Hamilton and the shaping of the National Government Foreign Policy

9. Document Analysis • Washington’s Farewell Address • What implications does Washington’s Farewell address have for today? Washington and Hamilton and the shaping of the National Government Washington's Farewell address List words that characterize Washington during this time period. Consider: Jay’s Treaty Hamilton vs. Jefferson Neutrality Table group analysis: 1. Analyze one section of the address Write a two or three sentence summary of your section. Pick ONE word that sums up your section of the address. Support your summary and word using a selected quote from the document.

10. Was the passage of the Bill of Rights a reaction to former British rule or a new American Government ideas? • Evaluate Hamilton's economic policies in terms of immediate political implications and long term economic effects. • Analyze the political implications of the Whiskey Rebellion. • Has the two-party system benefited the nation? • Analyze political and economic philosophies of Hamilton and Jefferson. Washington and Hamilton and the shaping of the National Government Discussion

11. First Party System • Federalist –Washington's Birthday • Creditors • Artisans • Merchants • Democratic Republicans – July 4th • Tobacco and rice planters • Western Farmers • Germans and Scot-Irish • 1796 • Federalist – John Adams Development of political parties: Federalist and Republicans Election of 1796

12. Nation above Party • XYZ Affair • French Minister wanted a bribe (offered by agents X,Y & Z) • Adams said America was insulted • Congress cut off trade with France and seized French ships http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afB5NJmER5M Development of political parties: Federalist and Republicans John Adams

13. Party above Nation • Naturalization Act • Increased the time to be an American Citizen from 5 to 14 years. • Right to vote took longer • Alien Acts • Can deport foreigners • Sedition Acts • Prohibited publication of insults on the president or members of congress. Development of political parties: Federalist and Republicans John Adams

14. Party Above Nation • Virginia and Kentucky resolves • Acts have ‘No Force” • States Rights Interpretation of Constitution • Judiciary act of 1801 • New Federal Judges to court system • Congress approved 16 new courts and six additional circuit courts all filled with Federalist Judges • John Marshall appointed Chief Justice of Supreme Court Development of political parties: Federalist and Republicans John Adams

15. What side was more effective during the presidency of John Adams: • Nation above Party • Party above Nation • In what ways do the Virginia and Kentucky resolves reflect the attitude towards the nature of the Federal Government at that time? Do these attitudes exist today? • Evaluate the relative importance of domestic and foreign affairs in shaping American politics in the 1790s • (Washington & Adams) • The debate over the Alien and Sedition acts of 1798 revealed bitter controversies on a number of issues. Discuss the issues involved and explain why these controversies developed. Development of political parties: Federalist and Republicans Discussion

16. Revolution of 1800 • Thomas Jefferson - Republican • Aaron Burr - Republican • Tied at 73 electoral votes • House votes 35x to break tie • Alexander Hamilton – Federalist • Persuaded Federalist in the House to elect Jefferson • Bloodless Transfer of power in times of bitter partisanship significance of Jefferson’s presidency Thomas Jefferson

17. Jefferson - Beginning of Virginia Dynasty • West Expansion • Yeomen farmers, planters w/slaves and speculators • Kentucky and Tennessee • New cotton plantations in Georgia and South Carolina • Native Americans refused to assimilate • Backlash against Christianity and farming • Native American Women had more rights • Judiciary • Midnight appointments • Judges approved at midnight or just before Adams left office • Marbruy v Madison later • Opposition • Quids – Republicans opposed to Jefferson • Essex Junto – New England Federalist • Seperate significance of Jefferson’s presidency Thomas Jefferson Virginia Dynasty Jefferson Madison Monroe Two terms each

18. Louisiana Purchase From France for $15 million • Constitutional Scruples • Domestic Consideration • Required ‘loose’ interpretation of ‘necessary and proper’ clause • Foreign Considerations • US out of Napoleonic wars (for now) • Expeditions • Lewis and Clark • Survey Plants and Animals • Zebulon Pike expansion into the trans-Appalachian West and the American Indian Resistance. Jefferson

19. Jefferson • Foreign Policy • Pinckney's Treaty w/ Spain • Allowed settlers in the Mississippi Valley and use the Port of New Orleans • Barbary Pirates – North Africa • Refused to pay ‘tribute’ to protect ships in North Africa. Ordered US Navy to protect ships. Renegotiated tribute. • Napoleonic Wars – Peaceful Coercion • Embargo act • US ships not leave port until France and Britain repealed restrictions • Disaster for Economy • Republican James Madison elected in 1808 significance of Jefferson’s presidency Thomas Jefferson

20. Jefferson’s Third Annual Message to Congress • October 17 1803 • What is Jefferson Saying? • Barbary Wars • Louisiana Purchase • Indian Relations • Neutrality • US Finances • Write a response from the Quid or Essex Junto point of view. Development of political parties: Federalist and Republicans Document Analysis

21. In what ways were the elections of 1796 and 1800 forced the alteration of the Electoral College? Evaluate the impact of Jefferson’s decision to purchase the Louisiana Territory on the future of the nation? In what ways did the Embargo Act affect the election of 1808? Development of political parties: Federalist and Republicans Discussion

22. Embargo replaced with Economic restrictions • Non- Intercourse Act • Lifted Embargo except for ships bound for Britain and France • Britain and France still refused to recognize American Interest • Native American Unrest • Tecumseh and the Prophet • Supplied by British guns • Nativist message – return to tradition • Founded holy village of Prophetstown • Tippecanoe • Wm. Henry Harrison Governor of Ohio territory mobilized troops and burned prophets’ town • War in Europe • Macon's Bill No. 2 • Would lift embargos on Britain or France if they would stop attacking American ships expansion into the trans-Appalachian West and the American Indian Resistance. James Madison

23. Causes • Overt • Britain's seizure of merchant ships and impressment of American sailors • Covert • Want western lands of British Canada and Spanish Florida • War Hawks • Henry Clay – Kentucky • John C. Calhoun – South Carolina Battle Ground • Great Lakes • Detroit • Baltimore-Washington • British burned government buildings including the Capitol • New Orleans • Andrew Jackson War of 1812 and its consequences War of 1812

24. Hartford Convention • Proposed Amendments • Revise the Constitution to end Virginia’s domination of the presidency • Embargos last 60 days and require 2/3 vote to declare war, prohibit trade and allow new states into the union • Some delegates proposed succession • Treaty of Ghent – December 24 1814 • British wanted peace • 20 year war with France drained money and energy • Prewar boarders of the United States • Results • Nationalism • Moral Victory • Death of Federalist • Undercut Hartford Convention • End of First Party System War of 1812 and its consequences War of 1812

25. The War of 1812 was the second war for American Independence – Assess the validity of this statement • What implications did the Hartford Convention have for Federalist Party? • “The War of 1812 was a minor war for America, but one which had great long range consequences for America” • What would be the long range consequences? War of 1812 and its consequences Discussion

26. Era of Good Feelings • James Monroe last president to run unopposed and last of Virginia Dynasty • Peace Prosperity Liberty • Great Britain • Rush-Bagot Treaty • Reduced tensions along Canadian boarder • Disarmed both Navys on the Great Lakes • Set US- Canada boundary • Spain • Adams-Onis Treaty • Spain ceded Florida to US • US renounced claims on Texas • Boarders to Pacific set • Western Hemisphere • Monroe Doctrine • American Continent no longer open to European colonization. • America would not interfere with European affairs or existing colonies War of 1812 and its consequences Era of Good Feelings James Monroe

27. Missouri Compromise • Missouri applied for statehood 1819 • Slavery was established in Missouri • Tallmadge Amendment • No further introduction of slaves and emancipation for those already there • Henry Clay • Main Free State • Missouri Slave State • Prohibit Slavery north of the southern boundary of Missouri • Federal Land Sales • Push • East coast populations • No new lands to farm • Pull • Move Indian tribes west • Forts and Factor System Era of Good Feelings Sectional Interest “good feelings” with hard feelings underneath

28. John Marshall Supreme Court Justice • One of Adams “midnight judges” • Strengthen Judicial and molded the development of the Constitution • National Government over State Government • McCulloch v Maryland • Judicial Review • Consider Kentucky and Virginia Resolves • “Implied Powers” • Gibbons v Ogden • Regulate interstate commerce • Federal Courts over State Courts • Martin v Hunter’s Lessee • Property Rights • Dartmouth v Woodward • Fletcher v Peck Marshall Court

29. Election of 1824 Corrupt bargain • John Quincy Adams • Secretary of State • Henry Clay • Speaker of House • Andrew Jackson • Hero of war 1812 • More popular and electoral votes, but no majority • Clay gave support to Adams who was elected president by the House of Representatives • Clay was named Sectary of state by Adams • Tariff • Tax on imported goods • Favored in the North • Called ‘tariff of abominations’ in the South John Quincy Adams

30. How has the Monroe Doctrine continue to effect relationships with Latin American and Europe today? • How did the Marshall Court tip the scales in favor of the National Government supremacy over the states? • Did the Supreme Court have constitutional authority to establish the concept of Judicial review? • Consider the time period 1887-1828. Has America become more united or divided? discussion

31. Origins • Yale and East Coast students • 1801 Cane Ridge Kentucky • “Camp Meetings” • Re-admit God & Christ into lives • Daily life of Piety • Effects • Growth of Denominations • Presbyterians, Methodist and Baptist • Create order and stability in frontier. • Opportunities for Women, Blacks and Indians. • Opposition • Freethinkers • Skeptics describe and give the significance of the Second Great Awakening

32. describe and give the significance of the Second Great Awakening • What was the PRIMARY cause of the Second Great Awakening? • Matt McCook • Transformation came from institutions like the industrial revolution and regional differences. • Curtis Johnson • Ideological and institutional changes in the church. Philosophical chairs

33. Role of women is to raise children for the Republic. Raise children for the country women were expected to scarifice Republican Motherhood

34. Factory • Lowell System • Machines • Steam Engine • Sewing Machine • Safety Pin • Typewriter • Process • Vulcanization of rubber • Iron into steel • Agriculture • Cotton Gin • Plow and reaper Transfer of England's Industrial Revolution

35. Transportation and Communication • Roads & Turnpikes • Bridges • Canals • Steamboats • Locomotive/Railroad • Telegraph • Military • Breech Loading Flintlock • Revolver • Repeating Rifle Transfer of England's Industrial Revolution

36. UNIT 3 Mastery SCA Free Response DBQ