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DRMI/NPS Defense Resources Management Institute Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California www.nps.edu/drmi. NATO BI Syndicate 1 Report: Reducing corruption risks in Capability/ Programme Development and Budgeting Moderators: Ms. Susan Pond and Dr. F. Melese.
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DRMI/NPS Defense Resources Management Institute Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California www.nps.edu/drmi NATO BI Syndicate 1 Report:Reducing corruption risks in Capability/Programme Development and BudgetingModerators: Ms. Susan Pond and Dr. F. Melese
Goal: Make recommendations on Reducing corruption risks in Capability/Programme Development and Budgeting • What are risks in building defense budgets? • Can we improve NATO’s Survey Questionnaire? (p.14) • What are cost-effective mitigation strategies? • Can we improve NATO’s Compendium of Best Practices? (Chap. 6)
Basic Goals of Defense Budgeting • The defense budget represents a Civilian government contract to pay for Military Forces that contribute to overall National Security Goals • The legal use of funds builds public trust and confidence in defense institutions • The efficient use of funds minimizes the burden of defense on taxpayers • The effective use of funds guarantees the best possible outcomes/effects of defense spending for citizens • Corruption in defense budgeting undermines public trust, and the efficient and effective achievement of National and Collective Security Goals
1. Corruption risks in building defense budgets • A national security policy or military strategy that is not clearly documented • Input-oriented defense budgets not clearly linked to outcome-oriented national security policy/strategy/plans Increase Transparency: Senior civilian & military leadership issue clearly articulated, regularly updated, and fiscally realistic national security policy & strategic direction to guide defense planning • Increase Transparency: Adopt a Medium-Term Expenditure (Financial and Resources Management) Framework like PPBS that encourages performance (program-based) budgeting
1. What are corruption risks in building defense budgets? Increase Transparency: Coordinate donor aid through the budget process and include other revenues • Multiple revenue streams (donor aid; military defense business revenues; etc.) that are opaque • Off-Budget expenditures that should be included in the budget (flexibility; secret programs?) • On-Budgetexpenditures that should not be included in the budget (special interests?)
1. What are corruption risks in building defense budgets? • Conflicting objectives among key stakeholders: • Internal lobbying: Influence in budgeting processby elected or appointed officials, military and civilian leaders, the services, or other internal organizations • External lobbying: Influence in budgeting process by for-profit (or not-for-profit?) defense companies and other private contractors • Example: “Foot-in-the-door” (loss leader) Build Integrity: Codes of conduct that align incentives Increase Transparency: Interagency NSC; MoD; CAPE • Build Integrity: Legislation; Codes of conduct; Declare assets; Control revolving door • Increase Transparency: Record interactions & outcomes
1. What are corruption risks in building defense budgets? Increase Transparency: Independent Life-Cycle cost estimating (CAPE) Improve Accountability: Execution & Assessment; Independent audits (GAO) • Quality of information used in building budgets • Bias & errors in forecasting, costs, quantities, etc. • Control of information (undue influence of selected experts) • Competence and integrity of personnel involved in building budgets and in oversight roles • Build Integrity: Develop expertise and ethics • Increase Transparency: Education & training in Financial & Resources Management tools and techniques benchmarking best practices--DRMI
DRMI/NPS Defense Resources Management Institute Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California www.nps.edu/drmi Thank You for Joining UsandBon Voyage!
BACK-UP SLIDE 1. Risks in building defense budgets Build Integrity: Codes of Conduct (Identify key players) • Lobbying; Conflicts of Interest • Input budgets not tied to policy/strategy (outputs/outcomes) • “Foot-in-the-door” (loss leaders) • Enforcement • Increase Transparency: Link Budgets to Strategy (Accounting Systems) • Increase Transparency: Total System Life-Cycle Costs • (Analytical Tools) • Improve Accountability: Independent Audits