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APA Referencing. Where does this workshop fit?. Workshop Overview. Referencing and Plagiarism APA format defined In-text referencing Direct quotes and paraphrasing End-of-text referencing. Referencing and Plagiarism. Acknowledging and identifying information sources is called Referencing
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WorkshopOverview • Referencing and Plagiarism • APA format defined • In-text referencing • Direct quotes and paraphrasing • End-of-text referencing
ReferencingandPlagiarism • Acknowledging and identifying information sources is called Referencing • Using others’ ideas, without giving credit, is Plagiarism • Plagiarism has serious consequences
Why Reference? • To acknowledge or mihi to the person you got the information from • To direct readers to specific information sources • Shows the reader: • How widely we have read • The quality of our sources
In text & end-of-text referencing In-text – paraphrasing, summarising or direct quotes in our sentences and paragraphs End of text - the reference list at the end of the assignment
In-text referencing - Direct quotes As a guide, don’t use more than 5% of the total essay word count as direct quotes • Include quotes less than 40 words as part of the essay • Separate quotes more than 40 words with a line space and indentation • Include the page number for all direct quotes
In-text referencing - Paraphrasing • Accurately putting the ideas into our own words Paraphrased ideas still need to be referenced!
In-text referencing - Summarising • Providing an overview of an idea or piece of research • More general than a direct quote or paraphrase A summary still needs to be referenced!
Quote: Very specific Paraphrase: Identifies one main idea Summary: Very general overview Quotes, paraphrases, summaries RESEARCH
In-text referencing • Citing or including a citation • Include: • The author’s surname/s • The year of publication • Page number for direct quotes • Depends number of authors
In-text referencing – 1 author • One author: • Smith (1999) suggested that… • … is one theory (Smith, 2000). • Two authors: • Smith and Jones (1999) suggested that… • … is one theory (Smith & Jones, 1999).
In-text referencing – 3-5 Authors • First reference • Smith, Jones, Davis, and Douglas (2005) suggested that… • … is one theory (Smith, Jones, Davis, & Douglas, 2005). • Subsequent references • …was developed as well (Smith et al., 2005).
In-text referencing – 6 or more Authors • Surname of the first author and ‘et al.’ every time we refer to them: • Smith et al. (1999) suggested that… • … is one theory (Smith et al., 1999).
End-of-text Referencing • Needs to be exact – down to commas, full stops, italics and capital letters. • Specific to the type of reference (e.g. book, website, journal article). • Use a quick guide, go to Stylewizard.com or use the reference wizard in Word 2007.
End-of-text Referencing Reference list needs: • A heading: References • Alphabetical order of the first author of each reference • Indented after the first line of each reference • Extra line between each reference
End-of-text Referencing • Referencing books: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of book. Place: Publisher. Smith, K.L. (2000). Communication theory. New York: Plenum Press. Smith, K.L., & Jones, P.J. (2005). Media studies. Sydney: Oxford Press.
End-of-text Referencing • Referencing book chapters: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of book chapter. In A.A. Author, & B.B. Author (Eds.), Title of book (pages of book). Place: Publisher. Smith, K.L., & Jones, K.P., & Douglas, J.J. (2000). Communication theory. In A.J. Smith & K.L. Jones (Eds.), Communication and the media (pp.2-34). New York: Plenum Press.
End-of-text Referencing • Referencing journals: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of article. Journal name, Issue number, pages. Smithers, R.K. (1976). English morphology for Asian speakers. TESOL Studies, 17, 19 – 27. Smithers, R.K., Sweeney, G., & Sutherland, P.E. (1979). English phonology for Asian speakers. TESOL Studies, 18, 39 – 46.
End-of-text Referencing • Referencing electronic journals: Surname, Initials. (Year). Title of article. Journal name, Edition number, pages. Retrieved month, day, year, from source. Smith, K.L., (2000). Role of supervisors in performance. Performance Management, 2, 23-45. Retrieved August 23, 2006, from http://www.performance.com/article1.
End-of-text Referencing • Referencing websites (if no author is given, start with the title): Surname, Initials. (Year, month day). Name of web page. Retrieved month day, year, from Name of Web Site: www.url.co.nz Smith, K.L. (2000, February 20). Role of supervisors in performance. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Performance Management: http://www.performance.com/supervisors
Summary • Referencing acknowledges the ideas of others • We refer to those ideas by summarising, paraphrasing or quoting • References need to be written in specific ways • We don’t need to memorise the format, but can look it up each time we need it • A reference list includes all the references included in the assignment
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