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One group pretest post-test design

One group pretest post-test design. A common example of Pre-Experimental Designs No control group No random selection of participants Little power to establish causation. One Group Study Design Select/recruit volunteers Administer pre-test Provide Treatment Administer post-test.

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One group pretest post-test design

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  1. One group pretest post-test design

  2. A common example of Pre-Experimental Designs No control group No random selection of participants Little power to establish causation One Group Study Design Select/recruit volunteers Administer pre-test Provide Treatment Administer post-test One Group Pre-Post Design Methodology

  3. Development of Race Profiles for the Performance of a Simulated 2000-m Rowing RaceKennedy & Bell, 2003

  4. Research Purpose • -To create race profiles of men and women rowers before and after training using a simulated 2000-m rowing race. • -To observe the effect of: • -Men vs. women • -Before vs. after training

  5. Study Design and Methodology • Subject characteristics • Recruited from local rowing clubs • Actively training for preceding 3 months • 7 male, 11 female novice rowers • 12 male, 8 female experienced rowers Informed consent & Ethics approved by U of Alberta and Faculty of Phys.Ed.

  6. Study Design and Methodology • Race Simulation Structure • 2000 meter race in lowest time • Performed on a Concept II Model C • Time, distance, stroke rate, 500-m split time displayed for rowers • HR, split time/500-m time & stroke rate recorded every 200-m.

  7. Study Design and Methodology • Testing Protocol (Before & after training) • 2000-m simulated race time • Combined VT/VO2max test • Horizon metabolic cart • Polar Heart Rate monitor • Multiple Repetition Maximum tests

  8. Study Design and Methodology • Training Treatment Specifics • Ten week program: • Individually prescribed and periodized • Progressive overload • Strength Component: 2x/week • Upper and lower body exercises • 65-90% predicted 1-RM • Aerobic Component: 4x/week • Three continuous and one interval workout • Performed on Concept II Model C

  9. Data Analysis • All variables collected manually from the Concept II display (stroke rate, time, distance, 500-m. split time) • Used to calculate velocity, mean race velocity (MRV), deviation from MRV, and standard deviation of MRV every 200-m.

  10. Data Analysis • Mean Race Velocity (MRV) • Average of all race velocities taken at 200-m. intervals • Deviation from MRV • Specific race velocities taken at 200-m. intervals minus MRV • Standard Deviation from MRV • Average deviation of all participants from their mean race velocity at a given interval

  11. Data Analysis • Race Profile Definition: • Provides a descriptive graphical illustration of spontaneous pacing behavior • Is a known factor in sport performance that has received little attention in the sport of rowing • Deviation from MRV plotted against MRV

  12. Major Findings • Physiological Improvements

  13. Race Profile (Male Pre-test)

  14. Race Profile (Male Post-test)

  15. “Constant Pace” (Fast Male Post)

  16. “All-Out” (Fast Female Post)

  17. Major Findings • Differences in pacing with training • Moved toward a constant pace model and improved pace • Differences in pacing between genders • Fastest males adhered most closely to the constant pace strategy • Fastest females adhered to an all-out strategy not adopted by any other groups

  18. Discussion • All-out pace profile (fastest women) • Close to higher intensity sports • Unknown if adhering to a constant pace would have resulted in improved performance • Constant pace profile (fastest men) • Close to similar well-documented sports • Short duration cycling (4000-m.)

  19. Critique • Pre-post inability to establish causation • has no control group • Learning effect (author’s critique) • Possible that fastest female rowers were novice • During 2000 m test verbal encouragement used • could affect final results • Compared group vs. 3 fastest rowers of each sex • should have compared novice vs. experienced rowers

  20. Critique cont’d • Tested during off-season • rowers not in physical or mental shape of race • Transferability not good • test is on rowing ergometer vs. boat in water • racing strategy often dependent on situation relative to competitors

  21. Suggestions/Future Considerations • Need to assess elite level competition to strongly establish nature of optimal race strategy etc. • Done on water (author’s suggestion) • Compare matched groups using alternate approaches • Compare all out strategy vs. constant for 2000 m race

  22. Specific to rowing what is psychologically going on during the race General for Pre-Post design add a control group eg. Choosing own method of rowing vs. racing strategy Other Possible Questions for Similar Research

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