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The Cold War: Truman's Legacy and Key Events

This chapter explores the Cold War era, focusing on the presidency of Harry S. Truman and the key events that shaped the conflict. Topics include the Iron Curtain, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift, NATO, Korean War, and new weapons.

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The Cold War: Truman's Legacy and Key Events

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  1. Chapter 37 Cold War

  2. 33rd President of the United States. “The buck stops here” “If you can’t take the heat get out of the kitchen” Harry S. Truman

  3. Symbolic line that divided democratic Western Europe and Communistic Eastern Europe coined the term by Winston Churchill Iron Curtain

  4. United Nations • Building a new world; peace keeping organization.

  5. Satellites Nations

  6. Truman Doctrine-1948 • This document states that the United States would come to the aid of any nation that would fight communism. • Informal declaration of war with Soviet Union • Containment-The US will not allow the spread of communism but not interfere in countries that are already communist.

  7. The Marshall Plan 1948 • This plan was to rebuilt (aid) Europe. • The United States would give the money in order to stop the Communist takeover. • The US offered money to the Soviets • $12-15 Billion

  8. Marshall is the only General to receive the Nobel Prize for his work on rebuilding Europe. Secretary of the State George Marshall

  9. Berlin Airlift • A time when United States had to airlift supplies into Berlin when Stalin closed the only road out of Berlin. • Germany was divided into two parts: • German Federated Republic (West Germany) • German Democratic Republic (East Germany)

  10. N.A.T.O • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Founded by: Dean Acheson • Mutual defense pact of democratic nations.

  11. Warsaw Pact • Communist response to NATO • Mutual pact defense of Eastern Communist nations.

  12. Dean Acheson George Kennan Men who developed US policybelieved in the policy of Containment

  13. Containment: 1st used in Greece and Turkey “In February 1947, the British government announced that it could no longer afford to finance the Greek monarchical military regime in its civil war against communist-led insurgents. The American government's response to this announcement was the adoption of "containment",[57] the goal of which was to stop the spread of communism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_war

  14. Led the Communist in China. Red Army of million peasants. United States refused to recognized China for 30 years People’s Republic of China Mao Zedong

  15. Korean War 1950-1953 • North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950. • Kim II Sung head of the Communist government in North Korea. • 38 parallel line that separates North and South Korea. • Security Council of the UN voted a resolution that condemned North Korea.

  16. North Korea- Kim II Sung South Korea Syngman Rheeleader of South Korea Korea

  17. General Douglas Macarthur was put in charge of the Korean War. He led the United Nations forces. Fired by Truman Douglas Macarthur

  18. General Macarthur wanted to use the atomic bomb on China • “ will involve us in the wrong war, at the wrong time, at the wrong place, and with the wrong enemy” Omar Bradley • “I fired him because he wouldn’t respect the authority of the President” Harry S. Truman • “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away” Macarthur

  19. New Weapons • Helicopters for Medivac • M.A.S.H. Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals (M.A.S.H.) • Jets • Brainwashing • Napalm

  20. Lessons of Korean War • United Nations worked. It stopped North Korea. • No nukes were used • Stalemate

  21. Cold War Terms and Definitions:United States: Soviet Union: Capitalism: Socialism: Government ownership of industry Created as a reaction to Capitalism Goal is to bring economic equality to people Classless society • Private ownership of industry • Freedom of competition • Survival of the fittest • Laissez-faire: government keeps “hands off” • Creates different economic classes

  22. McCarthyism • A period of accusing others of being communists. • Red Scare • House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

  23. Alger Hiss- Accused of being a communist Worked for the State Dept. Spies among us

  24. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

  25. New Agencies in US • CIA- spy organization; foreign intelligence • National Security Council- advises the President on issues of National security

  26. Sputnik • First man-made Satellite by the Soviets • Launched in 1957 • Orbited Earth every 98 minutes • Size of a basketball • U.S. reformed education and created NASA

  27. Taft-Hartley Act 1947 • This bill was passed because of strikes • Limited labor unions • This bill outlawed closed shops. • 60 days “cooling off period” • President can issue an injunction ( court order to get back to work) • Harry S. Truman vetoed the bill: "conflict with important principles of our democratic society…"[

  28. Election of 1948 • Harry S. Truman –Democrat • Fair Deal was Truman campaign promise • Thomas Dewey –Republican • Dixiecrats- southern states ( white males) • Strom Thurmond

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