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Impact of Western Powers in India

Impact of Western Powers in India. The Portuguese – 1 st Europeans to gain a foothold in India. British Influence. British Presence Steadily Increased - Mughal Empire decline 1. British trading forts in * Surat * Fort William now the city of

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Impact of Western Powers in India

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  1. Impact of Western Powers in India

  2. The Portuguese – 1st Europeans to gain a foothold in India

  3. British Influence British Presence Steadily Increased - Mughal Empire decline 1. British trading forts in * Surat * Fort William now the city of Calcutta * Madras 2. Indian cotton goods to the East Indies * traded for spices 3. British dominance sealed by Sir Robert Clive

  4. British Influence Robert Clive - aggressive empire builder 1. British East India Company 2. consolidated British control in Bengal- appointed local rulers who favored the interest of the EIA. 3. Battle of Plassey a. East India Company and taxes 4. East India Company dominance

  5. British Influence British East India Company - Problems 1 offended their Indian allies 2 put a horrible tax burden on the Indian people 3 British move inland 4 horrible for the Indian economy a. wealth taken from local rulers b. money was sent back to Britain 5destroyed the local industrial base a. British products were sent to India 6 British Law a. land confiscated from Indians who could not pay taxes b. huge landless Indian population c. Famine kills 1/3 of population in British controlled areas

  6. British Influence British East India Company 1. Hired Indian Soldiers known as Sepoys a. distrust of the British lead to a revolt * 1857 b. Bacon and Cow Fat First War of Independence (Sepoy Mutiny) 1. Sepoys near Delhi refuse to use their riffles 2. British arrest them a. Sepoys * riot killing men women and children 5. Sepoys poorly organized a. Hindus and Muslims did not work together 6. Atrocities a. House of Ladies Massacre

  7. The Sepoy Rebellion was put down and India became a British possession. The British ruled India for two centuries. They changed many aspects of Indian life. E. Napp

  8. British Rule British Crown rule 1. Parliments Control a. Vicroys 2. 3,500 British officals a. controlled 300 million people * largest colonial population

  9. British Rule Benefits 1. Education (Lord Macauly) a. only upper class was educated b. trained to be subordinates c. Western Education * trained to be British e. 90% of India stayed illiterate 2. Suttee was made illegal 3. British tried to stamp out thugs a. Kali 4. railroads/ telegraphs/ postal services 5. Sanitation was introduced

  10. British Rule Problems 1. Indian elite and British benefited 2.British manufactured goods 3 . zamindars a. took advantage of tax collecting b. took land 4. Farmers to move from food to cotton a. food not able to keep up with population growth b. 1880-1900 * 30 million Indians died of starvation *tried to keep India from industrializing 5. British were arrogant a. Indians loyalties *superior Indian castes never equal 6. British Racism

  11. Indian Nationalist Movement • Indian Nationalists • - educated / upper class / urban • - Indian needed reform • - Industrialization & modernization • British Reform • Some self government (1880s) • Local British sabotage

  12. Indian Nationalist Movement Indian National Congress (INC) - 1885 (Bombay) 1. high class English trained Hindus 2. wanted to speak for all Indians 3. did not call for revolution a wanted reform * end traditional abuses b. Indian share in the governing c. Economic development British Response - Few changes

  13. Indian Nationalist Movement Balwantrao Tilak 1. formed New Party a. terrorism to achieve independence b. British jail Tilak INC split over religious differences 1. leaders were Hindu 2. Muslim leaders wanted a Muslim League a. represent the interests of Muslims

  14. Indian Nationalist Movement Mohandas Gandhi 1. born in 1869 a. Gujarat (western India) 2. son of a government official 3. Studied in London a. became a lawyer 4. Practiced law in South Africa a. racial prejudice b. tried to organize Indians 5. Return to India a. active in independence movement b. non-violent protest (Civil Disobedience) 6. Goals a. convert the British to his views b. unite all of the Indians under a common movement

  15. Indian Nationalist Movement Gandhi ( India’s “Great Soul” ) 1. Mahatma 2. organized mass protests a. 1919 * protest got out of hand * British killed hundreds of protesters 3. Ghandi was arrested a. Ghandi was horrified by the violence Government of India Act 1. expanded the role of Indians in the government a. 5 million Indians were given the right to vote b. Indians given a parliament

  16. Indian National Movement Gandhi Released From Prison 1. Gandhi returns to civil disobedience a. “Hate could only be overcome by love” * nonviolence 2. Walk to the sea a. seventy-eight supporters b. and walked 240 miles to the sea c. salt d. Gandhi gets arrested again

  17. Indian National Movement Jawaharlal Nehru 1. 1930s enters the movement 2. secular/educated in Britain / intellectual a. everything Gandhi was not Split in the Indian National Congress 1. Gandhi a. religious / native / traditional 2. Nehru a. secular/ western/ modern 3. Made the movement stronger a. nationalism and Indian traditionalism

  18. The Indian National Movement Hostilities between Hindus and Muslims 1. Hindu control of Indian National Congress (INC) a. Muslims upset 2. Muslims under Muhammad Ali Jinnah a. call for the creation of the state of Pakistan 3. British presence was the only thing keeping India from civil war

  19. Independent India • End of WWII • - Great Britain negotiated with both • 1. Indian National Congress (Hindu) • 2. Muslim League (Muslim) • - Neither want single state • 1. India (Hindu) • 2. East and West Pakistan (Muslim) • - Gandhi objected to the division • 1. Fear of war • August 15th 1947 India and Pakistan • became independent

  20. Independent India January 30th 1948 1. Hindu militant a. killed Gandhi

  21. Indian Independence India Democratic Socialism - (INC) Renamed Congress Party 1. 400 million people a. most in poverty b. 14 major languages c. Indian society was divided 2. Jawaharlal Nehru * Popular new prime minister b. democratic –socialist government * political system based on the British system * economics followed the British Labour Party

  22. Indian Independence India and the Cold War 1. United States and the Soviet Union India and Pakistan 1. Went to war in 1965 2. India won a quick victory India helped East Pakistan separate from Pakistan (1971) 1. new state of Bangladesh

  23. Independent India The Post- Nehru Era in India - Nehru dies in 1964 - Indira Gandhi (Nehru’s daughter) 1. Green Revolution a. poverty b. environmental problems 2. Sikhs in Punjab a. Sikh * combined Muslim and Hindu ideas b. Militant Sikhs demanded independence c. Indira and military action d. two Sikh bodyguards assassinated Indira

  24. Indian Independence Mother Teresa 1. Albanian nun 2. Order of Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta a. spreads b. 1979 she receives the Nobel Peace Prize

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