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Southern Ocean GLOBEC Program

Southern Ocean GLOBEC Program. Eileen E. Hofmann Third GLOBEC PRSW Boulder, February 2009. SO GLOBEC Program. Understand physical and biological factors that contribute to enhanced growth, reproduction, recruitment, and survivorship of krill - include predators and competitors

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Southern Ocean GLOBEC Program

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  1. Southern Ocean GLOBEC Program Eileen E. Hofmann Third GLOBEC PRSW Boulder, February 2009

  2. SO GLOBEC Program • Understand physical and biological factors that contribute to enhanced growth, reproduction, recruitment, and survivorship of krill - include predators and competitors • Overwintering strategies and role of sea ice and circulation are primary focus

  3. SO GLOBEC Program • SO GLOBEC is part of International GLOBEC and US SO GLOBEC is a contribution to the international effort • Field studies began in 1999-2000 • Field studies finished in 2007/08 • SO GLOBEC program is now in synthesis and integration phase

  4. UK Germany Korea Australia US, Germany SO GLOBEC Field Study Sites

  5. Target Species Approach

  6. Two special issues of Deep-Sea Research II devoted to SO GLOBEC results Third volume is in progress and should be done by end of 2009 Synthesis approach

  7. Research Highlights • Understanding of circulation • Connections of circulation to top predator distributions • Connection of SO GLOBEC region to larger system • Innovative use of seal-derived hydrographic data

  8. (Beardsley et al., 20)04 Stratification, retention and frontal exchanges Sea ice modifies all of these Ice shelf effects on circulation (Klinck et al., 2004)

  9. Snow petrel and Adélie Penguin distribution in relation to water masses (Chapman et al., 2004) Extensive observations of predator abundance and distribution Habitat use, predator and prey interactions Food web interactions Biological Hot Spots Humpback Whale Locations (Thiele et al., 2004)

  10. Biological Hot Spots (Costa et al., 2007) Not all parts of the shelf are biologically similar

  11. MB : Marguerite Bay MT : Marguerite Trough AI : Alexander Island CS : Crystal Sound LF : Laubeuf Fjord Drake Passage Predator Hot Spots MT CS LF MB AI Bellingshausen Sea Role of circulation and biology in producing hot spot regions?

  12. Circumpolar distribution of Antarctic krill Atkinson etal (2004)

  13. (Lawson et al., 2004) (Ashjian et al., 2004) Zooplankton Population Variability Shifts in Abundance and Distribution Reconsider Krill Dominated Food Web

  14. Alternative Food Web Pathways High krill Low krill Alternative pathways buffer change - reflect/support long-term change? Need better quantification of alternative pathways

  15. Three-dimensional rendering of Crabeater seal Movements obtained from satellite tags Studies of habitat use, behavior, predator- prey interactions Studies of animal physiology and biology

  16. Summary • Large scale connectivity in zooplankton populations - combination of local retention and import from other regions • Considerable interannual variability in zooplankton composition and relative abundance • Variability related to chlorophyll values • Bottom up control? Implications for food web structure?

  17. Summary • Technology that has been advanced through SO GLOBEC • Seal-derived hydrographic measurements are important data • Large-scale applications for understanding circulation and ice shelf dynamics • Important data for evaluation of numerical circulation models • Important for understanding habitat use

  18. Concluding Remarks • SO GLOBEC provides comprehensive biological and physical data sets from several sites in the Antarctic • Provide the basis for investigating physical controls of Antarctic marine food web, alternative food web structures, e2e food webs structures, and climate variability • Poised for comparative studies with GLOBEC and related programs outside of the Antarctic

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