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Global Migration Trends in the 19th Century

Explore the significant changes in migration patterns during the 19th century, influenced by industrialization, global capitalism, and demographic shifts. Discover the impact on societies, from coerced labor to voluntary relocation, and the challenges faced by governments in fostering national identities amidst diversifying populations.

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Global Migration Trends in the 19th Century

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  1. Period 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (c. 1750 C.E. to c. 1900 C.E.) Key Concept 5.4. Global Migration

  2.  Key Concept 5.4.Global Migration Overview: - Migration patterns changed dramatically throughout this period, and the numbers of migrants increased significantly. - These changes were closely connected to the development of transoceanic empires and a global capitalist economy. http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/WRLH075-H.gif

  3.  Key Concept 5.3. Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform Overview (continued): - In some cases, people benefited economically from migration, while other people were seen simply as commodities to be transported. - In both cases, migration produced dramatically different societies for both sending and receiving societies, and presented challenges to governments in fostering national identities and regulating the flow of people. http://media.rvanews.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/CW-Juneteenth.jpg

  4. I. Migration in many cases was influenced by changes in demography in both industrialized and unindustrialized societies that presented challenges to existing patterns of living. A. Changes in food production and improved medical conditions contributed to a significant global rise in population. (Vaccines in 18th/ 19th centuries; mechanized food production; refrigeration; better food transport) http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/world-pop-since-1300-AD-600x397.png

  5. I. Migration in many cases was influenced by changes in demography in both industrialized and unindustrialized societies that presented challenges to existing patterns of living. B. Because of the nature of the new modes of transportation, both internal and external migrants increasingly relocated to cities. This pattern contributed to the significant global urbanization of the nineteenth century. http://www.newgeography.com/files/cox-halfurban-2.png

  6. II. Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons. A. Many individuals chose freely to relocate, often in search of work. 1. Examples of such migrants: a. Manual laborers http://www.uni.edu/schneidj/webquests/adayinthelife/lotsofworkers.jpg

  7. II. Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons. b. Specialized professionals http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/timeline_photos/1892_small_fullsize.jpg

  8. II. Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons. B. The new global capitalist economy continued to rely on coerced and semicoerced labor migration. 1. Required examples of coerced and semicoerced labor migration: a. Slavery- Slave trade abolished in various countries in early 19th century, slavery abolished in mid- to late 19th century http://affiliates.op4web.com/edit/NewsLetterImages/forksoftheroad.jpg

  9. II. Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons. b. Chinese and Indian indentured servitude (ex. Chinese in US and Indian in other British colonies- S. Africa, Carribean) http://www.asianweek.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/chinese-railroad-workers.jpg

  10. II. Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons. c. Convict labor- (ex. Australia 1850- 1868) http://public.media.smithsonianmag.com/legacy_blog/Convicts-in-Australia1.jpg

  11. II. Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons. C. While many migrants permanently relocated, a significant number of temporary and seasonal migrants returned to their home societies. 1. Examples of such temporary and seasonal migrants: a. Japanese agricultural workers in the Pacific http://websupport1.citytech.cuny.edu/faculty/pcatapano/lectures_immigration/japanhawaii.jpg

  12. II. Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons. b. Lebanese merchants in the Americas http://www.louisianafolklife.org/LT/Articles_Essays/images/LebaneseHannie/hannie1.jpg

  13. II. Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons. c. Italian industrial workers in Argentina http://transpanish.biz/translation_blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/italian-immigrants.jpg%C3%A9tail_du_visage_%28ch%C3%A2teau_de_Ferney%29.jpg

  14. III. The large-scale nature of migration, especially in the nineteenth century, produced a variety of consequences and reactions to the increasingly diverse societies on the part of migrants and the existing populations. A. Due to the physical nature of the labor in demand, migrants tended to be male, leaving women to take on new roles in the home society that had been formerly occupied by men. http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/dynamic/00293/21sm_p1_kalpana_GCV_293177g.jpg%C3%A9tail_du_visage_%28ch%C3%A2teau_de_Ferney%29.jpg

  15. III. The large-scale nature of migration, especially in the nineteenth century, produced a variety of consequences and reactions to the increasingly diverse societies on the part of migrants and the existing populations. B. Migrants often created ethnic enclaves in different parts of the world which helped transplant their culture into new environments andfacilitated the development of migrant support networks. 1. Examples of migrant ethnic enclaves in different parts of the world: a. Chinese in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America, and North America http://repeatingislands.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/xb163522.jpg%C3%A9tail_du_visage_%28ch%C3%A2teau_de_Ferney%29.jpg

  16. III. The large-scale nature of migration, especially in the nineteenth century, produced a variety of consequences and reactions to the increasingly diverse societies on the part of migrants and the existing populations. b. Indians in East and southern Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/East_Indian_Coolies_in_Trinidad_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16035.jpg%C3%A9tail_du_visage_%28ch%C3%A2teau_de_Ferney%29.jpg

  17. III. The large-scale nature of migration, especially in the nineteenth century, produced a variety of consequences and reactions to the increasingly diverse societies on the part of migrants and the existing populations. C. Receiving societies did not always embrace immigrants, as seen in the various degrees of ethnic and racial prejudice and the ways states attempted to regulate the increased flow of people across their borders. 1. Examples of the regulation of immigrants: a. The Chinese Exclusion Acts- 1882, 1892, 1902 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_only_one_barred_out_cph.3b48680.jpg

  18. III. The large-scale nature of migration, especially in the nineteenth century, produced a variety of consequences and reactions to the increasingly diverse societies on the part of migrants and the existing populations. b. The White Australia Policy- 1901 http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Oeig-R-Fxk8/TeW-HKwwtvI/AAAAAAAABjE/J1zQfJ0eU7g/s1600/EF6F1696-FA72-D1D9-23F6480B5BB33693.jpg%C3%A9tail_du_visage_%28ch%C3%A2teau_de_Ferney%29.jpg

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