BioMed Central, Open Access Publishing, and Digital Archiving

1. BioMed Central,Open Access Publishing, and Digital Archiving Matthew CockerillTechnical Director, BioMed Central

2. Summary of talk • What is Open Access publishing and why is it necessary? • The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher • The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving DASER Summit

3. Summary of talk • What is Open Access Publishing and why is it necessary? • The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher • The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving DASER Summit

4. The current model of publishing scientific research • Scientists carry out research • They write up their results • They submit them to a journal • Other scientists act as peer reviewers and editorial advisers • Finally, the publisher sells access to that research back to the scientific community DASER Summit

5. What’s wrong with this status quo? • Restricted redistribution of scientific research is contrary to the interests of • the scientists who do the research • the funders who pay for it • society as a whole • It is an historical artefact of the economics of print publishing DASER Summit

6. BioMed Central – the first Open Access publisher • Part of Current Science Group • Published first article in mid-2000 • Strict policy of immediate open access to all research articles DASER Summit

7. Scientific benefits of Open Access • Quicker, more direct access to research results • Research is equally accessible to all scientists, not just those at the richest institutions • Even for the fortunate few, Open Access gets rid of the frustration with passwords, logins and subscriptions • Ability to manipulate, analyze, and mine the literature for knowledge DASER Summit

8. Economic benefits of Open Access • Cost per article access for Elsevier journals estimated at approx US $11(Washington State University estimate) • A typical BioMed Central open-access research article receives 2000+ full text accesses in the 2 years following publication, and a similar number of accesses again via PubMed Central. • Cost to the scientific community = $500. So cost per access: $500/(2000*2) = $0.125 • Cost-per access reduced almost 100-fold! DASER Summit

9. Momentum for Open Access • PubMed Central • Public Library of Science • Open Access declarations:Budapest/Bethesda/Berlin • Software open-source movement • Mass cancellation of titles from traditional publishers DASER Summit

10. BioMed Central’s business model for open access publishing • Keep costs down via • Online submission and peer review • Automated tools to streamline article processing, conversion and layout • Processing charge (currently $500) for accepted articles • No processing charge for authors at member institutions DASER Summit

11. Institutional membership • CalTech • Cancer Research UK • Columbia University • Cornell University • University of California • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute • Harvard University • INSERM • Imperial College • Institut Pasteur • John Innes Centre • Johns Hopkins University • Kyoto University • Max Planck Institutes • Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center More than 350 major institutions are members of BioMed Central, including, to name just a few: • MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology • National Institutes of Health • National Institute for Medical Research • NHS England • Princeton University • Rockefeller University • TIGR • TSRI • Tufts University • Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute • University of Wisconsin • World Health Organization • Yale University DASER Summit

12. Summary of talk • What is Open Access publishing and why is it necessary? • The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher • The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving DASER Summit

13. 3 categories of journals published by BioMed Central • BMC series of online journals • Policy to accept all sound research, and to editorially highlight the best • Scientist-run online journals • Editorial board determines acceptance policy • Print/online journals • Highly selective DASER Summit

14. BMC Biochemistry BMC Bioinformatics BMC Biotechnology BMC Cell Biology BMC Chemical Biology BMC Developmental Biology BMC Ecology BMC Evolutionary Biology BMC Genetics BMC Genomics BMC Immunology BMC Microbiology BMC Molecular Biology BMC Neuroscience BMC Pharmacology BMC Physiology BMC Plant Biology BMC Structural Biology BMC Anesthesiology BMC Blood Disorders BMC Cancer BMC Cardiovascular Disorders BMC Clinical Pathology BMC Clinical Pharmacology BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine BMC Dermatology BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders BMC Emergency Medicine BMC Endocrine Disorders BMC Family Practice BMC Gastroenterology BMC Geriatrics BMC Health Services Research BMC Infectious Diseases BMC International Health and Human Rights BMC Medical Education BMC Medical Ethics BMC Medical Genetics BMC series of online journals • BMC Medical Imaging • BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making • BMC Medical Research Methodology • BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders • BMC Nephrology • BMC Neurology • BMC Nuclear Medicine • BMC Nursing • BMC Ophthalmology • BMC Oral Health • BMC Palliative Care • BMC Pediatrics • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth • BMC Psychiatry • BMC Public Health • BMC Pulmonary Medicine • BMC Surgery • BMC Urology • BMC Women's Health DASER Summit

15. BMC Cancer DASER Summit

16. Two new BMC-series journals • Will publish research of broad interest DASER Summit

17. Scientist-run online journals 45 such journals started so far, including: DASER Summit

18. Malaria Journal DASER Summit

19. Genome Biology Journal of Biology La crème de la crème DASER Summit

20. La crème de la crème DASER Summit

21. Growth of BioMed Central DASER Summit

22. Facts and figures • 3700 Open Access research articles published • 2144 in BMC online journal series • 1158 in scientist-run online journals • 650 in print/online journals • Full text article accesses to date • 7,000,000+ (excluding mirrors) DASER Summit

23. Open access leads to high visibility Archiving • PubMed Central • INIST • LOCKSS • Max Planck • OhioLINK Indexing/Linking • PubMed • MEDLINE • ISI • BIOSIS • CAS • CrossRef • Scirus • Open Archive Initiative • Citebase • Google DASER Summit

24. Open Access and citation impact DASER Summit

25. Summary of talk • What is Open Access publishing and why is it necessary? • The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access publisher • The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving DASER Summit

26. OAI interface • BioMed Central has operated an OAI interface (Open Archives Initiative Metadata Harvesting Protocol) since June 2001 • The following metadata formats are offered for all articles: • oai_dc (standard Dublin Core XML) • bmc_bibl (BioMed Central’s own XML) • bmc_references (article reference list XML) • In addition, for Open Access articles, full text XML is available: • bmc_article • More info: http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/libraries/oai/ DASER Summit

27. Data feeds to mirror sites and other archives Automated nightly feed goes to: • PubMed Central • OhioLINK • INIST/CNRS • Max Planck (Universität Potsdam) • [your name here…] DASER Summit

28. Data mining http://www.biomedcentral.com/info/about/datamining • Entire corpus of full text XML downloadable by ftp as a single zip file • Various groups working with the data • Pre-BIND (automatic extraction of protein binding information from full text) • BioLINK text mining competition • Standard NLM archiving/interchange DTD will help data miners DASER Summit

29. Conclusions • Open Access publishing is rapidly gaining momentum • It can make life much simpler for digital archives • It facilitates the smooth flow of scientific research information • It encourages the development of innovative tools for mining and navigating that information DASER Summit