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The Roman Republic

The Roman Republic. Early Romans. Latins- Early settlers of Rome Etruscans- Northern Italy Eventually take control of Rome and build it into a great city. Build it on 7 hills for protection. Only good spot to cross the Tiber River. Roman Society. Patricians-

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The Roman Republic

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  1. The Roman Republic

  2. Early Romans • Latins- Early settlers of Rome • Etruscans- Northern Italy • Eventually take control of Rome and build it into a great city. • Build it on 7 hills for protection. • Only good spot to cross the Tiber River

  3. Roman Society • Patricians- wealthy landowners that controlled the republic. They were exempt from military service and led a comfortable life.

  4. The Plebeians • The common people. • Allowed to take part in the assembly, but had less power than the Senate. • Twelve Tables- 451 BCE • Plebeians have Roman laws written. • Gives common people some protection against unfair patrician decisions.

  5. The Senate • 300 member council of patricians that made laws and served Rome. • It was the most powerful part of The Republic. • It was one of the three branches of government in the constitution of the Roman Republic.

  6. The Roman Army • Superior due to its discipline and organization. • Used a tight battle formation originally developed by Greeks. • Opponents used mob warfare. • Legion- basic army unit.

  7. The Punic Wars • 264-202 BCE- Series of wars between Rome and Carthage • Carthage- N. African city founded by Phoenicians. • First Punic War • Rome- superior army • Carthage- superior navy • Rome gains Sicily- makes a province (territory outside of Italy). • Second Punic War • Hannibal invades Italy.

  8. Hannibal • Carthaginian general • Invades Italy from the north via the Alps w/ 32 elephants. • Battle of Cannae • Hannibal’s invasion destroyed the farms.

  9. Roman Alliances • How did Rome maintain its alliances with former enemies? • Granted Roman citizenship to allies. • Allowed allies to keep local govt. • Gave protection and maintained order in Italy.

  10. Julius Caesar • Reforms Rome • Named Pater Patriae ("Father of the Fatherland"). • Lowered taxes. • Makes governors responsible to him. • Grants citizenship to conquered peoples. • Stacks Senate with pals • March 15, 44 BCE- Caesar assassinated • Stabbed on the Senate floor • Brutus “et tu Brute?!?” • His bro-in-law Cassius • Beware the Ides of March • Didn’t listen to warning • Unguarded/Unprotected/Unarmed

  11. Octavian becomes Caesar Augustus • 31 BCE- creates the Roman Empire • Allows Senate to keep some power, but he would retain sole rulership. • Changes name to Augustus • “honored and majestic” • Takes title of Caesar from his great uncle

  12. PaxRomana • “the Roman Peace”- 20-180 AD • Period of peace and prosperity. • Julio-Claudian dynasty • No real line of succession to the throne. • First four emperors after Augustus were either related to him or his wife.

  13. Judean revolt • 66 AD- Jews revolt against Rome. • Jerusalem captured and Holy Temple is destroyed. • Masada- 1000 Jews take refuge in a mountain fortress. • 2 year siege- falls to Rome in 73 AD. • All the Jews inside commit suicide.

  14. Hadrian • 117-138 AD • Devoted to protecting the Empire, rather than expanding it. • Creates Palestine out of Jewish territory. • Encourages non-Jews to live there.

  15. Empire stretched from Asia Minor to the Danube and Rhine Rivers to Great Britain. Roman Prosperity New roads, drained swamps, irrigation systems for the deserts. Roman Citizenship By 212 AD, virtually all free people in the Empire became Roman citizens. The height of the Roman empire

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