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General Biology Notes TRANSLATION A.K.A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Translation is the process of converting mRNA information into amino acids to build proteins. Learn about the steps of initiation, elongation, and termination, involving mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA. Discover how codons and anticodons play crucial roles in protein synthesis.

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General Biology Notes TRANSLATION A.K.A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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  1. General Biology NotesTRANSLATIONA.K.A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

  2. Translation Definition: • the process of converting or translating the information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids that makes up proteins.

  3. NOTE: • Before translation can begin, transcription of the DNA into mRNA must occur.

  4. There are three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis: mRNA, rRNA and tRNA

  5. 3 steps: 1. Initiation: mRNA attaches to the ribosome (rRNA). (The rRNA slides along the mRNA like a bead on a string.)

  6. rRNA “reads” the mRNA in groups of three nucleotides called a codon. • Translation always begins with a special codon (AUG) called the initiator or startcodon.

  7. NOTE: • there are 20different amino acids and 64different codons. Each amino acid may have morethan one codon but each codon specifies for only oneamino acid.

  8. mRNA codon chart

  9. 2. Elongation: • Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries or “taxis”a specific amino acid determined by the anticodonto the ribosome. • The anticodon of tRNA pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA.

  10. As the tRNA’s line up the amino acids, peptide bonds form between amino acids linking them into a protein.

  11. The tRNA’s are recycledback to pick up more amino acids.

  12. 3. Termination: • the protein is released from the ribosome when a “stop” codon is reached. There are three special “stop” codons: UAA, UAG and UGA

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