1 / 12

Nationalism comes to Italy, 1815-1861

Nationalism comes to Italy, 1815-1861. Il Risorgimento! The Resurgence!. The Italian Peninsula. Review. Pre 1850 – NO “Italy” (Metternich called it a “geographic expression”) Independent kingdoms: Austria: Lombardy, Venetia Italian: Sardinia, Piedmont (King Charles Albert)

querida
Download Presentation

Nationalism comes to Italy, 1815-1861

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Nationalism comes to Italy, 1815-1861 Il Risorgimento! The Resurgence!

  2. The Italian Peninsula Review • Pre 1850 – NO “Italy” • (Metternich called it a “geographic expression”) • Independent kingdoms: • Austria: Lombardy, Venetia • Italian: Sardinia, Piedmont (King Charles Albert) • Tuscany: Central States • Papal States • Spanish Bourbons: Kingdom of 2 Sicilies • Piedmont and Sardinia - most progressive kingdom • Ruled by the Kings of the House of Savoy

  3. Early attempts at unification: 1815-1848 Review • 1) Carbonari: first vs. Napoleon – then Austria • “charcoal burners” • Want Italian Unity • 2) Mazzini: 1805-1872 • Established Young Italy in 1831 • Goals: • Eliminate Austria from Italian politics • Overthrow Italian tyrants • Universal suffrage – will of the people • Unite Italy – centralized democratic republic

  4. Early attempts at unification: 1815-1848 Review • 3) Gioberti: Catholic priest • Federation of existing states • Presidency by progressive pope, however • Pope Pius IX (1846-1878) – liberal but vs. unification • Driven from Rome 1848-April 1850 by Garibaldi and his Red Shirts • Syllabus of Errors 1864 vs. rationalism, socialism, modernism • 4) Autocracy of Sardinia-Piedmont • King Charles Albert (1831-1849) • King Victor Emmanuel II (1849-1861)

  5. Attempts at unifying: 1848-1861 Review • 1848 • Rioting in Sicily, Lombardy, Venice… • March: Piedmont-Sardinia - Charles Albert, (1831-1849) • granted subjects a liberal constitution • Bourbon ruler of the Two Sicilies, Ferdinand II, forced to grant a liberal constitution • 1848: • May: Two Sicilies’ revolt suppressed • July: Austrians restored control in Lombardy & Venetia • 1849: • In February, Mazzini and Garibaldi proclaim: Roman Republic in the Papal States! • French take Rome in April of 1850 – Pope returns • Austrians defeat Piedmont forces

  6. Camillo di Cavour • 1810-1861, Piedmont nobility • Finance minister of Piedmont under Victor Emmanuel II till 1852 • 1852 – Prime Minister of Piedmont • Realist – Liberal who pushed liberal reform • Pro industry, expansion • Reformed Piedmont currency • Balanced state budget • Promoted economic development • Financed large army • Anti Church • Siccardi Laws 1851 - suppressed privileges of clergy & Church (civil law over canon law) • Ratazzi Bill 1855 – suppression of monasteries • Opposed to “romantic” nationalism of Mazzini

  7. Camillo di Cavour • First – pro northern unity – didn’t want papal states • BUT realized can’t win vs. Austria without help – turns to France! • Napoleon III willing in 1858 • So Piedmont provokes war vs. Austria – but July 1859 Napoleon III signs Peace of Villafranca with Austria • No unification YET • Lombardy unified with Piedmont; Parma, Modena, Tuscany & northern part of Papal states vote to join PIedmont BUT Venetia still Austrian! • Cavour resigns!!! – enraged!!!! – but returns, of course

  8. Giuseppi Garibaldi: ending Risorgimento • 1807-1882 aka “The Sword” • Goals • Eliminate Austria from Italian politics • Overthrow Italian tyrants • Unite Italy as democratic republic • May 1860 “Red Shirt” guerillas – to “liberate” 2 Sicilies • Encouraged by Victor Emmanuel II (BUT Cavour distrusts him) • Wins by Sept and heads to Rome to attack • Cavour 1 step ahead – occupies papal states to prevent chaos • Plebiscite – unites North and South – Garibaldi & VE II

  9. Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy

  10. Viva Italia! • 1861 –Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy (Cavour dies!!) • All states except Venetia (Austria), Rome (Pope) • 1866 – Venetia won due to Prussian victory over Austria (Austro-Prussian War) • 1870 – Rome taken as French troops pull out! (due to Franco-Prussian War) • Under King Victor Emmanuel II • Parliamentary Monarchy w/ limited male suffrage (600,000 of 2 million can vote) • Mazzini disappointed with results of unification • Sig: Unity (on paper!!!) BUT revolutionary movements continue – socialist / anarchist

More Related