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French and Indian War- Review. Admit Slip 9/16. For what reasons do wars typically start?. Conflicts over land. The F rench and Indian War was fought due to a conflict over land . British colonists began settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
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Admit Slip 9/16 • For what reasons do wars typically start?
Conflicts over land • The French and Indian War was fought due to a conflict over land. • British colonists began settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. • This region was known as the Ohio River Valley. • The Ohio River Valley had rich fertile soil, ideal for farming. • The British colonists believed that this would be a perfect region to start their lives, however there was one big problem…….
Conflicts over land • France had claimed the Ohio River Valley, building numerous forts to defend this area. • Great Britain also claimed this region for their settlers. • British leaders wrote an angry letter to the French, stating the land along the Ohio River Valley was the property of the “British Crown”. • The British sent General George Washington to deliver the letter, which asked the French to leave the Ohio River Valley. • The French refused to leave, sparking the beginning of war.
French and Indian War • The French won many of the battles early on in the war, due to their strategically placed forts. • The French also received help from their Native American allies. • The British knew that they needed to make a change in order to turn the tide of the war. • The British King sent more soldiers to the colonies, and the British also attempted to make allies with the Iroquois Indians. • These two adjustments made by the British ultimately helped the British win the war.
Effects of the french and indian war • The war was officially ended by the signing of the Treaty of Parisin 1763. • The end of the French and Indian War had a major impact on the Native Americans living in the Ohio River Valley. • British colonists were extremely eager to move into this newly acquired land, however Native Americans lived there. • Native Americans began fighting British colonists who tried to settle in their lands. • Proclamation of 1763- issued by the British King, stated that no one was to settle on lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. • The Proclamation of 1763 was not popular among the colonists who wanted to settle in these new lands. • The British government also levied heavy taxes on the colonists in order to pay for the war. Tensions between the colonists and the British government began to grow.
Exit Slip 9/16 • The French and Indian War was a war fought over what? • What was the Proclamation of 1763 and what did it state? Were the colonists happy with this? • What was one effect of the French and Indian War?
Economic Causes • Great Britain was heavily in debt due to the French and Indian War. • Great Britain also needed money to maintain a military force in the colonies in case the French were to attack again. • Believing that the colonists should pay for their own defense, the British Parliament started to enforce the policy of mercantilism. • Mercantilism- theory where the colonies were to provide raw materials for the mother country (Britain). • Great Britain would in turn make the colonists buy the finished products that they made with the colonists raw materials. • Ultimately, restrictions were placed on the colonists on what they could buy and who they could buy it from. (Only with GB)
Economic Causes • Sugar Act- tax on foreign imports • Stamp Act- required a tax stamp on anything printed • Tea Act- made British tea less expensive than colonial tea. (Forced colonists to buy British tea rather than their own tea). • Intolerable Acts- Enacted in response of Boston Tea Party • Closed Port of Boston • Forbid town meetings • Forced colonists to quarter British soldiers
STAMP Act Congress • “The only representation of the people these colonies have are persons chosen therein by themselves; and that no taxes ever have been , or can be constitutionally imposed on them but by their respective legislatures.” -Stamp Act Congress 1765 What did the colonists mean by this statement?
Intellectual causes Enlightenment • The scientific revolution brought about a new way of thinking to describe why things happened in the universe • Scientists used reason, which was later used to discover natural laws, or laws that govern human behavior • This use of reason to solve problems in society brought about the period known as the Enlightenment
Enlightenment • During the Enlightenment period individuals began to: • Reject traditional ideas • Support human reason • View authority, power, government, and law in a new way What type of government did many of the societies that you learned about last year in Global I have? If you lived during this time, would you want to live under this government? Why?
Enlightenment thinkers • John Locke • All people have natural rights, or inalienable rights like life, liberty, and property • Government must protect these natural rights • If government fails to protect these natural rights, the people have the right to overthrow the government • Government only exists with the consent of the governed Many of Locke’s ideas about natural rights and the role of government influenced Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence and French Revolution!
Enlightenment Thinkers • Baron de Montesquieu • The powers of government need to be separated into three branches • Each branch will prevent the other branches from becoming too powerful Does this sound familiar?.... What government today uses three branches?
Enlightenment Thinkers • Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Wrote a book entitled The Social Contract • Believed people were naturally good, but are corrupted by evils in society • What is good for everyone is more important than what is good for one person • Majority should always work for the common good
Thomas Paine • Thomas Paine was influential in persuading colonists to join the fight for independence and end their relationship with Great Britain. • In his pamphlet, Common Sense, Thomas Paine explained the advantages and immediate need for independence. • It was sold and widely distributed and was read in taverns and meeting places. • Paine reasoned and argued in a way that related well to the common man.
Admit Slip • Name an Enlightenment thinker and a major belief. • Who was Thomas Paine and what did he write? • Why was this work of literature imoprtant?
