Early Latin America

1. Early Latin America Elizabeth Campos Kemily Corrales Margarita Bellon Andriette Young Anyeli Moya Yakira Ruiz Period #5

2. Table of Contents • Spaniard and Portuguese: From reconquest to conquest. Pt.1 • Spaniard and Portuguese: From reconquest to conquest. Pt.2 • Destruction/Transformation of Indians societies • First plantation colony • Multiracial Societies • 18th Century Reforms

3. Progress Diagram Spaniards and Portuguese: from reconquest to conquest Pt.1 -Iberia Society and Tradition- The Iberian Society had a bureaucratic centralised system in which the Patriarchal idea was big and religion and churches played a huge role in politics. The Iberian Peninsula followed slave-keeping Encomiendas provided the framework for relations based on economic dominance. -The Chronology or Conquest- The Spanish and Portuguese had three main conquest and colorization periods of the Americas which were: the conquest of 1492-1570 to set the lines of administration and economy, a phase of consolidation and maturity from 1570-1700. During the 18th Century a period of reform and recognition in Spanish America and Portuguese Brazil that intensified the Colonial relationship and started the beginning of this satisfaction and revolt.

4. Spaniards and Portuguese: from reconquest to conquest Pt.1 -The Caribbean Crucible- The Caribbean experience served as Spain's model for it's action's elsewhere in the Americas. Gold hunting, slaving and European disease de populated the islands To rule, Spain created administrative institutions Spanish and Italian merchants began to import slaves to work on sugar plantations

5. Spanish and Portuguese: from reconquest to conquest Pt.2 Less than a century, a large portion of 2 continents and islands in an inland sea was brought under Spanish control. The conquest of the Americas was directed two ways, Mexico and South America. First Trajectory: Hernan Cortes established a base at Veracruz on the coast and then began to strike after hearing that there was a great kingdom in the interior. Second Trajectory: Led out and expanded from the Caribbean outposts to the coast of northern South America and Panama. Spanish expeditions spread out. By 1570, there was 192 Spanish cities and towns throughout the Americas, one third of them were in Mexico and Central America.

6. Spanish and Portuguese: from reconquest to conquest Pt.2 The Conquerors lived by the motto “God in the sky, the king in Spain, and me here.” Agreements were drawn up between the leader of the conquest and the representatives of the Spanish crown, granting authority. There was a debate on whether to use Indians or not to because they are brothers as well, in the viewpoint of Christianity. Result of this debate was mixed/

7. The Destruction and Formations of Indian Society The Spanish wanted to use the Indians as laborers or to get tribute from them.The Spanish maintained the aspects of Indian life that did not conflict with Spanish authority because of this. Encomiendas were given to the individual conquerors of the region. The encomiendas were destructive to Indian societies. When a new nobility threatened to arise the crown limited the inheritability of Encomiendas and prohibited the right to demand certain kind of labors from the Indians In Peru and México native peoples learned to use the legal system and law courts so that litigation became a way of life. Native American culture proved to be resilient against Spanish institutions and forms by adapting and modifying them to indigenous ways.

8. Colonial Economies and Government Agriculture and mining were the basis of the Spanish colonial economy. Over this economy Spain built a bureaucratic empire in which the church was an essential element and a major cultural factor. Spanish America remained predominantly agrarian economy, and wherever large sedentary populations lived. Spain controlled it's American empire through carefully regulated bureaucratic system. The Spanish empire became a great bureaucratic system built on a juridical core and staffed to a large extent by letrados. The missionary church eventually was replaced by an institutional structure of parishes and bishoprics. The Catholic Church profoundly influenced the cultural an intellectual life all of the colonies in many ways. Overall, church and state combined to create an ideological and political framework for the society of Spanish America.

9. The first plantation Colony -The Portuguese created the great plantation colony of the American. -In the 18th century the discovery of gold, and slavery expanded. -Brazil-Portugal American colonies became the first major plantation zone. -During most of the 1600 century Brazil was the world's leading sugar producer. -A great Gold Rush began -For 60 years the Habsburg King of Spain also ruled Portugal

10. Multiracial Societies The mixture of whites, Africans, and Indians created the basis of multiracial societies. The conquest and settlement of Latin America created the conditions for the formation of multiethnic societies on a large scales. By the 18th century, the castas, people of mixed origin, began to increase rapidly and had become a major segment of the population.

11. Assessment Group yourselves with your PowerPoint presentation groups and analyze the graph on page 440 about a changing society. You have 5 mins Take this as practice to analyze this just like you have to analyze those 10 documents on the AP Test.

12. The 18th Century Reforms The 18th century was a period of intellectual ferment in Spain and Portugal as well as in their empires. In Spain and its colonies, small clubs and associations, calling themselves friends of the country, met in many cities to discuss and plan all kinds of reforms. Their programs were for material benefits and improvements, not political changes. In Portugal, foreign influences and ideas created a group of progressive thinkers and bureaucrats open to new ideas in economy, education, and philosophy.