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Early Latin America

Early Latin America. Ch 19. I. Introduction. Age of Conquest was divided into 2 eras Era of Conquest 1492-1570 Era of Consolidation 1570-1700 Dominated by Iberian Peninsula States Portugal Castile (Center of Peninsula) Aragon (Eastern Peninsula) Driven by desire of wealth. II. Spain.

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Early Latin America

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  1. Early Latin America Ch 19

  2. I. Introduction • Age of Conquest was divided into 2 eras • Era of Conquest 1492-1570 • Era of Consolidation 1570-1700 • Dominated by Iberian Peninsula States • Portugal • Castile (Center of Peninsula) • Aragon (Eastern Peninsula) • Driven by desire of wealth

  3. II. Spain • Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile united Spain • Dominated Americas • Hispaniola was model colony • Controlled Central America and Northern and Western South America • Focus was Encomiendas • Large estates with Indian laborers • Encomendero

  4. II. Spain • Conquistadors • Hernan Cortes- 1519 Conquest of Mexico- killed Aztec King Moctezuma II • Francisco Vazquez de Coronado- 1540-1542 gold seeking expedition that went all the way up to Kansas • Pedro de Valdivia- 1541 Conquered Central Chile • Characteristics • Typically brutal • Typically not professional soldiers • Looking to gain wealth and nobility

  5. III. Portugal • Main claims were in Brazil • Treaty of Tordesillas 1494- Dividing line that gave Portugal Brazil and claims to India • Spain had everything west of this line • Pedro Alvares Cabral- 1st Portuguese claim to South America (1500) • Predominantly focused on the coast • Sugar Plantations were the initial economic boom • Gold and Silver were found in Brazil’s interior in and area known as Minas Gerais

  6. II. Portugal • Rio de Janiero became important due to being a port close to the mines • Indian labor was greatly used in the mines • Mercury was also important to this region

  7. IV. Indians, Creoles and Peninsulares Oh My! • Indians • Slaughtered • Abused on plantations& in mines • Killed by disease • Supported by a few • Bartolome de Las Casas- Conquistador turned Priest

  8. IV. Indians, Creoles and Peninsulares Oh My! • Peninsulares- People born in Spain who came to the New World • Superior • Creoles- Spaniards born in the New World • Racial purity questioned (Mestizos) • Not considered to be equal with Peninsulares • A type of Caste system formed

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