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The Activity Series. Text Reference: 3.3 (pg. 125 - 128). http://www.chalkbored.com/lessons/chemistry-11.htm. We have looked at several reactions: Fe + CuSO 4 Cu + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Li + H 2 O LiOH + H 2
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The Activity Series Text Reference: 3.3 (pg. 125 - 128)
We have looked at several reactions: Fe + CuSO4 Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 Li + H2O LiOH + H2 Such experiments reveal trends. The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals. It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single displacement reactions when mixed: metals near the top are most reactive and will displacing metals near the bottom. Q: Which of these will react? Fe + CuSO4 Ni + NaCl Li + ZnCO3 Al + CuCl2 Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 NR (no reaction) Zn + Li2CO3 Cu + AlCl3
H is the only nonmetal listed. H2 may be displaced from acids or can be given off when a metal reacts with H2O (producing H2 + metal hydroxide). The reaction with H2O depends on metal reactivity & water temp. Q: will Mg react with H2O? A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H2O H2 + Mg(OH)2 Q: Zn + HCl H2 + ZnCl2 Complete these reactions: Al + H2O(steam) Cu + H2O Ca + H2SO4 Na + H2O H2 + Al(OH)3 NR H2 + CaSO4 H2 + NaOH
Other Activity Series Information • All metals will have a specific place in the activity series. • The metals near the top of the activity series are more reactive because their valence electrons are more easily removed. • On tests and exams you will refer to your reference sheet for activity you must remember that Li is reactive, Au is not. • If the valence of a metal is not indicated in the question, use its most common valence (in bold on your periodic table) to determine the correct chemical formula.
The Activity Series of the Halogens • Fluorine • Chlorine • Bromine • Iodine Halogens can replace other halogens in compounds, provided that they are above the halogen that they are trying to replace. 2NaCl(s) + F2(g) ?? 2NaF(s) + Cl2(g) MgCl2(s) + Br2(g) No Reaction ???
Activity series lab • On the next slide, place a check in the corner of boxes where you think reactions will take place. • Get a plastic spot plate. • Combine chemicals specified in the chart. Figure out a way to keep track of the chemicals. Use a ¼ scoop for solids (the less, the better). Use 1 squeeze of an eyedropper for solutions. • Write chemical equations for chemicals that reacted. Write NR where there was no reaction. • Dump used chemicals into the large funnel at the front of the room (use a squirt bottle to rinse remaining chemicals into the funnel). Wash the spot plate and glass rod very well. Dry & return.
Mg + AgNO3 Ag+ Mg(NO3)2 Cu + AgNO3 Ag+ Cu(NO3)2 Zn + AgNO3 Ag+ Zn(NO3)2 AgNO3 Mg + H2SO4 H2 + MgSO4 Zn + H2SO4 H2 + ZnSO4 H2SO4 NR Mg+ Fe(NO3)3 Fe+ Mg(NO3)2 Zn+ Fe(NO3)3 Fe+ Zn(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 NR Mg + CuCl2 Cu + MgCl2 Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 CuCl2 NR
The formation and behavior of oxides can also be predicted via the activity series. Complete these reactions: Ca + O2 Au + O2 Fe2O3+ H2 Oxides Oxides form via the addition of oxygen: K + O2 K2O Oxides plus H2 (with heat) will change to metal and H2O: NiO + H2 Ni + H2O heat CaO Oxides decompose with heat: HgO Hg+O2 NR heat heat Fe + H2O