War o f 1812

1. Warof1812 British v U.S.

2. Cause #1 – British interference with American shipping – naval blockade GB and France were at war with each other. GB did NOT want the US to provide the French with food and supplies, so they set up a partial blockade.

3. Cause #2 – Impressment (kidnapping) American sailors • British “impressed” or kidnapped American sailors and forced them to work on British ships. Between 1803 to 1812, the British impressed about 6,000 American sailors.

4. Cause #3 – Americans believe British push Native Americans to fight settlers. • Battle of Tippecanoe We learn the British are supplying Natives

5. Tecumseh “the prophet”-unites tribes “The Great Spirit gave this great land to his red children” -Tecumseh

6. Cause #4 – Western members of the House of Representatives (War Hawks- Democratic-Republican members of Congress who) wanted to expand into Canada advocated war against Britain. “On to Canada” Wanting to rid the British from threatening the U.S, this became the rally cry. John C. Calhoun South Carolina Henry Clay Kentucky

7. Mr. Madison’s War • Shaky start for both the U.S. and Britain neither country quite prepared for battle • The war was conducted in four theatres of operations: • The Atlantic Ocean • The Great Lakes and the Canadian frontier • The coast of the United States • The Southern States (especially New Orleans) • Take your map and identify the following theatres of war:

8. The Atlantic Ocean • USS Constitution defeats the GuerriereJuly 12,1812 outside Boston • Most early Naval Battles here ended in U.S. victory due to heavier guns and an overworked Royal Navy

9. Great Lakes Fighting in this region went back and forth until… “We have met the enemy and they are ours.” • Oliver Hazard Perry, after victory on Lake Erie, ensuring American control there.

10. Canadian Frontier • Battle of Thames • Badly outnumbered, the British and Indian allies are defeated. • End to unity among Native tribes Oct. 5th 1813, Tecumseh Is killed by Richard M. Johnson

11. Coast of the U.S. • British Blockade the Coast • Strategic Point- Chesapeake Bay • British “thrash” American militia and enter Washington D.C. • Set fire to nearly all public buildings including White House and the Capitol • Madison fled to Virginia, low point of war

12. Burning the Capitol • Burned out shell of the White House Dolly Madison Saves Washington’s portrait

13. Battle of New Orleans • British Navy breaks through little resistance at the mouth of the Mississippi • Jackson sets up defensive position 8 miles down river • Jackson engages the British in battle with minimal losses forcing the British to stall their attack • With reinforcements of heavy artillery and earthworks the U.S. troops outlast the British ammo. • British were never able to scale the “earthworks” and withdrew forces confirming U.S. victory

14. Treaty of Ghent end of War • Signed by U.S. and British Christmas Eve 1814, about 2 weeks before the battle of New Orleans came to an end. • Armistice-agreement to end the fighting

15. Nationalism • The War of 1812 unites America and rushes in a period of Nationalism, also known as “The Era Of Good Feelings.”

16. Recap- Causes andEffectsThe War of 1812 Causes • British Interfere with Am. Shipping • British arm Native Americans, interfering with western expansion • Southerners want Florida, which is owned by Britain’s ally, Spain • War Hawks want to expel British completely from North America Effects • Revealed need for strong standing army • Revealed that American Industry could expand • Encouraged American Nationalism • Brought an end to the Federalist Party • Shattered the strength of Native American Resistance • Paved the way for American acquisition of Florida