Exploring Cells: A Cookie Factory Comparison

2. 5.2 Cells: a Look Inside

3. Why is a cell like a cookie factory? • A cookie factory has many parts that work together to make it function. • A cell also has many parts that work together. • Every cell part has a job or function.

4. Comparing cells to a factory • This chart shows how a cell is like a cookie factory

6. What is the cell membrane? • a thin layer that separates the inside of the cell from its outside environment. • keeps the cytoplasm inside • lets waste products out • lets nutrients in • is made out of lipids & proteins

7. What is the nucleus? • most visible organelle • is covered with a membrane that allows materials to pass in and out • often called the “control center” of the cell because it contains DNA The nucleolusacts as a storage area for materials.

8. What are mitochondria? • the “powerhouses” of cells • produce much of the energy a cell needs to function • rod shaped surrounded by 2 membranes • inner membrane has many folds • only work if it has oxygen • We breath air to get oxygen for our mitochondria

9. What is a vacuole? • the storage area of the cell • A small, fluid-filled sac • Vacuoles store water, food, and waste. • Plant cells usually have one large vacuole to store water

10. What is endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? • a series of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm. • transport proteins from one part of the cell to another • Series of folded & connected tubes

11. What are Ribosomes? • the protein factories of the cell. • When ribosomes make proteins, they release them into the ER • Some ribosomes float in the cytoplasm

12. What are Golgi bodies? • receive proteins and other compounds from the ER. • package these materials & distribute them to other parts of the cell • release materials outside the cell

13. What are Lysosomes? • contain enzymes that can break things down • pick up bacteria, food, and old organelles and break them into small pieces that can be reused

14. What is cytoskeleton? • a series of fibers made from proteins • provides structure to the cell and gives it its shape

16. How are plant cells different? • Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not. • A chloroplast is an organelle that contains a green pigment called chlorophyll. • Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast

17. How are plant cells different? • Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores cell sap. • Cell sap is mostly water • Cell sap gives cell structure

18. How are plant cells different? • Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. • Made of cellulose • Cell walls provide structure and support for the plant.