Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

1. Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism Chapter 7

2. Another Revolution Affects America • Eli Whitney- inventor of the cotton gin, introduced interchangeable parts to John Adams in 1801 • Interchangeable parts- standardized parts that can be used in place of one another, exactly alike • What did better tools do for manufacturing? • Mass production- production of goods in large quantities • Industrial Revolution- social and economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools and large-scale factory production developed • Would this be good or bad for the United States?

3. Another Revolution Affects America • Who started the Industrial Revolution? • How was the U.S. trying to make money after the War of 1812? • What two things make the U.S. change? • What place in the United States is the perfect place to start the Industrial Revolution? • 1793 Samuel Slater- Pawtucket, RI • 1813 Francis Cabot Lowell, Nathan Appleton, and Patrick Tracy Jackson • Create Lowell, Massachusetts • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF7_Z2eu-cY

4. Two Economic Systems Develop • Northeasterners- factories and manufacturing • South- cotton and farming • North- hadn’t eliminated agriculture, just don’t have the land for it, old Northwest Territory is a mix of systems though • By 1804, almost all the Northern states abolished slavery • Short-staple cotton grown in south • 1820, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana “Cotton Kingdom” • Expanded slavery

5. Slavery Becomes Established • Had slavery been down, the same, or up, during and since the American Revolution? • By the 1820s the cotton production influences the numbers • 1790-1810 3,000 bales of cotton a year to 178,000 bales • Slaves go from 700,000 to 1.2 million • Additional slaves get brought in • As many as the years 1619- 1776, 157 years • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12IQurjUomU

6. American System Promoted • North and South still different, how will we unity the two? • American System • Developed transportation systems and other improvements (national road) • Established a protective tariff (increase foreign good) • Resurrecting the national bank (universal currency) • Henry Clay former critic and current House Speaker • American System- measures designed to unify the nation and strengthen its economy by means of the three main points

7. Internal Improvements • How did people get around? • Locomotive- 1825 • Roads, canals, and turnpikes (paid for themselves) • National Road- federal road begun in 1811, and by 1838 went from Cumberland, MD to Vandalia, IL • Erie Canal- 363 miles, 8 years to dig, Hudson River to Erie Canal • 12 years to pay off construction, other states rush to build more, by 1837, 3,000 miles more were built • Tariff of 1816- tariff there to aid American industries • 1816- Second National Bank goes into action • James Monroe of Virginia, elected president, in 1817

9. Nationalism at Center Stage • Steamboat Era- 1807 Robert Fulton • What were steamboats used for and what did it help unite? • 1808 Fulton received a charter to use New York rivers to run steamboats • Gibbons vs. Odgen • Similar routes from New York to New Jersey • Federal government rules what? • Example of nationalism

10. Nationalism at Center Stage • McCulloch v. Maryland • Maryland put a heavy tax on the National Bank, so it would fail • With did the Chief Justice decide on? • John Marshall made several rulings that blocked state interference, gave power to the federal government • Stopped court cases involving not interfering with contracts

11. Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy • John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State established nationalism • Nationalism- the belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns, or other countries • President James Monroe focused on national security and expansion • Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)- demilitarize the boarder of Canada, with U.S. and British ships • Convention of 1818, boundary from 49th parallel, to Rocky Mountains • Adams-Onís Treaty with Spain

13. The Monroe Doctrine • Spain and Portugal wanted back Latin America • Russia been in Alaska since 1784, now moving into where? • What did Russia pose a threat to? • Monroe says don’t interfere with the Western Hemisphere affairs • U.S. would not interfere in European Affairs or already European colonies in the Western Hemisphere • What are these principles to?

14. Nationalism Pushes America West • What were the two main reasons for going west? • Jim Beckworth- fur-trader, lived with the Crow, army scout, and rancher • The Missouri Compromise • Before this, there were 10 free states, 10 slave states • Maine is added as a free state to keep it equal • Missouri slave state • Series of agreements passed, to maintain the balance of states • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-Id8pqA-O4