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Americans Struggle With Postwar Issues

Explore the political, economic, social, and cultural effects of the postwar period in the United States, including nativism, isolationism, fear of communism, the Palmer Raids, limited immigration, and labor unrest. Understand the impact of these issues on the nation and its people.

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Americans Struggle With Postwar Issues

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  1. Americans Struggle With Postwar Issues Chapter 20 Section 1 Objective 8.03 (continued)

  2. Objective 8.03 • Assess the political, economic, social, and cultural effects of the war on the United States and other nations.

  3. Postwar Trends • Nativism • Isolationism

  4. Nativism • Prejudice against foreign-born people.

  5. Isolationism • A policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs.

  6. Fear of Communism • Communism – an economic and political system based on a single-party ruled by a dictatorship.

  7. The Red Scare • Panic in the United States that “Reds” would abolish capitalism everywhere • Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrow gov’t in Russia in 1919.

  8. Palmer Raids • A. Mitchell Palmer (US Attorney General) and J. Edgar Hoover hunt down communists, socialists, and anarchists • Trample civil rights (civil liberties), deport many foreign radicals without trials

  9. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) - Wobblies

  10. Sacco and Vanzetti • 2 Italian immigrants and anarchists arrested and charged with murder in Mass. in 1920.

  11. “The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti” by Ben Shahn

  12. Sacco and Vanzetti (continued) • Provided alibis, but sentenced to death • Protests throughout U.S. and much of world.

  13. Limited Immigration • Need for unskilled labor decreases after World War I.

  14. Klan rises again – KKK membership reached 4.5 million by 1924 (white male, native-born gentile citizens) • Anti-immigrant, anti-communist, anti-Semitic, anti-African-American, anti-Catholic

  15. “Birth of a Nation” • 1915 – D.W. Griffith

  16. Quota System • # of immigrants grew 600% from 1919 to 1921 • Emergency Quota Act of 1921 set up a quota system – established max. # of people who could enter the U.S. from each foreign country

  17. Quota System (continued) • Amended in 1924, law discriminated against eastern and southern Europeans and Japanese (chart p. 622) • DID NOT APPLY TO WESTERN HEMISPHERE

  18. Labor Unrest • Boston Police Strike • Mass. Gov. Calvin Coolidge called out Nat’l. Guard – Coolidge gains popularity

  19. Coal Miner’s Strike • John L. Lewis led United Mine Workers of America to a wage increase despite arbitration by W. Wilson • Lewis became a nat’l hero

  20. Labor Movement Loses Appeal • Immigrants willing to work in poor conditions • Immigrants speak many diff. languages (hard to organize) • Farmers moving to city used to relying on themselves • Most unions excluded Af.-Americans.

  21. Schenck v. United States (1919) • 1919 Supreme Court decision upholding the Espionage Act of 1917. • Limited free speech based on “clear and present danger” precedent.

  22. Charles Schenck • Socialist who circulated a flyer to recently drafted men • Said that the draft violated 13th amendment (“involuntary servitude) • Encouraged peaceful action/ protest • Charged w/ conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act of 1917 • Spent 6 months in jail

  23. Washington Naval Conference • US effort to reduce warships existing within the US, Japan, Great Britain, France, and Italy.

  24. Dawes Plan • Plan to settle the WWI European reparation problem – US loans money to help the underlying problems

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