Society’s Reaction to the Industrial Revolution

1. Society’s Reaction to the Industrial Revolution

2. EQ: How did society respond to the changes brought by the IR?

3. Change! • Middle class wants the right to vote • Working class wants better working conditions • Women want equal rights with men since they are now working outside the home

4. Rise of Labor Unions • Labor union – groups of workers formed organizations to protest working conditions and demand reform (shorter hours, age limit for workers, safety measures) • Strikes - stopping work… put pressure on employers

5. Child Labor Laws • Britain was the first to pass laws regulating child labor. • 1802 to 1878 - a series of laws gradually shortened the working hours, improved the conditions, and raised the age at which children could work. • United States took many years to outlaw child labor. • By 1899 a total of 28 states had passed laws regulating child labor.

6. Minimum Wage Laws • Minimum Wage – the lowest amount a business can legally pay a worker • Meant to prevent unfair workplace • Changes over time with cost of living • Minimum wage in the US info http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/wages/minimumwage.htm

7. EQ: How did industrialization change political ideas in society?

8. Liberalism • Influenced by Enlightenment thinkers – “free thinkers” • Individual rights (equality), freedom of speech and press, limited power of the government

9. Socialism • Socialism – economic system that supportsthe COLLECTIVE ownership and control of production and distribution of the goods produced • Everything belongs to society – no private ownership, people share work and goods produced (no investors who sit and make $$) • Government should manage means of production – factories, etc.

10. Marxism • Karl Marx - revolutionary communist, whose works inspired the foundation of many communist regimes in the twentieth century. • Marxism - the political, economic, and social theories of Karl Marx • that there should eventually be a society in which there are no classes • Capitalist profit comes from exploiting the proletariat (poorest people) – capitalism will inevitably break down and be replaced by communism

11. EQ: How did the ideas of Karl Marx lead to the development of communism?

12. Communism • Karl Marx –The Communist Manifesto – predicted that the workers would overthrow the capitalists (private owners making $$) • Communism - political system that supports extreme socialism • anti-capitalism • Classless society – wealth and power shared by all • State would eventually wither away – pure communism • Check out this video! (stop at interview!!!) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38bM-1l2qBo&safe=active

13. EQ: How was the reality of communism different from the ideals of Karl Marx

14. The Russian Revolution • 1917 (final phase of World War I) • removed Russia from the war and brought about the transformation of the Russian Empire into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) • replacing Russia’s traditional monarchy (very weakened) with the world’s first Communist state. ** Revolution had been a long time coming – constant uprisings and malcontent • The new government, led by Vladimir Lenin, would solidify its power only after three years of civil war

15. Lenin’s version of Marxism • Leaders drawn to the intellectual and working class instead of the aristocracy (rich folk) • Russia fully entered the industrial age (had been agriculturally based for the most part)

16. Life Under Lenin • Peace – Lenin promised peace after the chaos of WWI and civil war in Russia • Communist economy - gave the land previously owned by the nobles to the peasants, and factories were handed over to workers' committees, Government fully controlled production and economy – not an equal reality • Communist laws - banned religion; brought in an eight-hour day for workers, as well as unemployment pay and pensions; abolished the teaching of history and Latin, while encouraging science

17. Life Under Lenin • Communist propaganda - there was a huge campaign to teach everyone to read. Communist newsreels were shown around the country lectures were given to teach peasants about Communism. • Dictatorship - Lenin dismissed the Constituent Assembly, which was the parliament that the Provisional Government had arranged, and declared the 'dictatorship of the proletariat' (which was really, the dictatorship of Lenin). A secret police force called the Cheka arrested, tortured and killed anybody who tried to destroy the Communist state.

18. Lenin’s version of Marxism • Lenin's concept of imperialism as the final stage of capitalism and shifts the focus of struggle from developed to underdeveloped countries. • Imperialism - the policy of extending the rule or influence of a country over other countries or colonies