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Marching Toward War

Marching Toward War. Chapter 13 Section 1. WWI - Roots of War.asx. Main Idea. In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war .

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Marching Toward War

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  1. Marching Toward War Chapter 13 Section 1

  2. WWI - Roots of War.asx

  3. Main Idea • In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war. • Ethnic conflict in the Balkan region, which helped start the war, continued to erupt in that area in the 1990s.

  4. Introduction • For about 30 years Europe had been at peace. • Efforts were made to outlaw war and achieve permanent peace. • By 1900, there were hundreds of peace organizations. • Some Europeans believed that war was a thing of the past. • Yet Europe was on the edge of a massive war.

  5. Leading up to WWI • The Rise of Nationalism • Imperialism and Militarism • Tangled Alliances

  6. The Rise of Nationalism • Nationalism can be a unifying force, but it can also cause intense competition. • By the turn of the 20th century, a fierce rivalry had developed among Europe’s Great Powers. • Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and France.

  7. Rivalry Among Euro Nations • 1. Competition for materials and markets. • 2. Territorial disputes. • 3. Nationalism led to demands for independence.

  8. Imperialism • European nations had been competing for colonies in Africa and Asia. • This competition led to increased rivalries and mistrust.

  9. Militarism • A dangerous arms race had developed. • Nations believed that to be great you must have a powerful military. • By 1914, all of the Great Powers, except Great Britain, had large standing armies. • Militarism – the policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war. • A race to build a bigger and stronger military than your neighbor .

  10. Tangled Alliances • Growing rivalries and mutual distrust led to the creation of several military alliances. • Alliance system had been designed to keep peace in Europe. • Instead, it helped push the continent to war.

  11. Bismarck Forges Early Pacts • Bismarck had used war to unify Germany. • He then turned his energy to maintaining peace in Europe. • Bismarck felt that France still wanted revenge for the Franco-Prussian War. • Threat to peace • Bismarck wanted to isolate France. • Formed alliance with Austria-Hungary. • Later Italy joined. • Russia soon signed a treaty with Germany.

  12. Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace • Kaiser Wilhelm II forced Bismarck to resign as Prime Minister. • Wilhelm let treaty with Russia lapse. • Russia responded by forming an alliance with France. • Bismarck’s biggest fear. • If Germany went to war with either, they would have to fight on two fronts.

  13. Triple Entente • Wilhelm II began a shipbuilding program to compete with the British navy. • British became scared and formed an alliance with France. • Britain made another alliance with both France and Russia – Triple Entente. • Assured that Britain would not fight against France or Russia.

  14. Crisis in the Balkans • Balkan Peninsula was home to an assortment of ethnic groups. • The area had a long history of nationalist uprisings. • Known as the “powder keg” of Europe.

  15. A Restless Region • By the early 1900s, the Ottoman Empire, which included the Balkan region was in decline. • Serbia – Slavic population; wanted to absorb the rest of the Slavs. • Russia also had a large Slavic population and supported Serbia. • Austria-Hungary opposed the idea.

  16. Austria-Hungary • 1908 – AH took over Bosnia and Herzegovina. • Both had large Slavic population. • Serbians were mad. • Tensions rose. • Serbia vowed to take Bosnia and Herzegovina.

  17. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe • 1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the AH throne, and his wife visited Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. • Couple was shot by Gavrilo Princip, a 19 year old Serbian and member of the Black Hand. • Secret society committed to ridding Bosnia of Austrian rule.

  18. The Ultimatum • Austria used the murders as an excuse to punish Serbia. • Austria presented Serbia with an ultimatum containing many demands. • Serbia knew that a refusal would lead to war. • Agreed to many demands. • Austria would not negotiate and declared war. • Russia ordered the mobilization of troops toward the Austrian border.

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