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Lesson 1 Grammar

Lesson 1 Grammar. Tenses. 2 (not 3) tenses: (1) Imperfective  Not finished (present and future) (2) Perfective  Finished (past) 2 types of sentences (1) Affirmative (2) Negative. Conjugation chart. 3 types of sentences. Noun sentences Verb sentences

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Lesson 1 Grammar

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  1. Lesson 1 Grammar

  2. Tenses • 2 (not 3) tenses: (1) Imperfective  Not finished (present and future) (2) Perfective  Finished (past) • 2 types of sentences (1) Affirmative (2) Negative

  3. Conjugation chart

  4. 3 types of sentences • Noun sentences • Verb sentences • Adjective sentences Note: If a subject is known between the speaker and the listener, it can be omitted.

  5. Nouns • No gender • Same form for both singular and plural

  6. Conjugation chart: Nouns (Noun) desu.( copula)

  7. Noun sentences: Imperfective/Affirmative (Noun)desu. [It] is (noun). • Pen desu. • Sakamaki desu. A subject is not necessary when it’s obvious.

  8. Copula: です です(and its conjugated forms) comes after a noun and makes a polite noun sentence. E.g. て a hand 　てです。 (It) is a hand. Copula doesn’t indicate what a subject(s) is / are.

  9. Make noun imp/aff sentences. • Teacher • Student • Today • Tomorrow • Number 1 • High school • In the morning (a.m.)

  10. When you acquired new information “Aa, soo desu ka.” (Oh, is [that] so?) Rhetorical question when you learned something new.

  11. Particles • Small words that come AFTER a noun or a sentence. • 2 types of particles 1. sentence particles 2. phrase particles

  12. Sentence particle: ka • “ka” after a sentence make it into a question. Pen desu. (It) is a pen. Pen desu ka. Is (it) a pen?

  13. Make noun imp/aff questions. • Teacher • Student • Today • Tomorrow • Number 1 • High school • In the morning (a.m.)

  14. Respond to a noun question • Yes Hai, soo desu. Yes, (it) is so. • No Iie, chigaimasu. No, (it) is different or wrong Note: Chigaimasu is a verb in Japanese.

  15. Particles • Particles indicate the function of the preceding word or phrase. Sensee desu ka.

  16. Phrase particle: wa ~ wa “Wa” (written as は） indicates that the preceding word is the topic of the sentence. Sensee wa nihonjin desu. “Sensee” is the topic of the sentence As for the teacher, (she) is a Japanese person.

  17. Phrase particle: wa • The phrase before “wa” may NOT be a subject of the sentence, but the topic of the sentence. Sushi wa tabemasu. As for sushi (I) eat.

  18. Phrase particle: no ~ no • “No” connects two nouns. The first noun explains something about the latter noun. Sensee no denwa bangoo teacher’s phone number Main idea Further restriction

  19. Make phrases with no 1. My teacher watashi no sensee 2. Teacher’s phone number sensee no denwa bangoo 3. Friend’s name tomodachi no namae

  20. 4. College in the U.S. Amerika no daigaku 5. Students in China Chuugoku no gakusee 6. My teacher’s name watashi no sensee no namae Make these phrases into a noun sentence (imperfective/affirmative).

  21. Make sentences. My teacher is Ms. Sakamaki. Sakamaki san desu. Watashi no sensee wa

  22. Mr. Sato’s phone number is 123-4567. Satoo san no denwa bangoo wa 123-4567 desu.

  23. Mr. Tanaka’s friend is British person. Tanaka san no tomodachi wa igirisu no kata desu. BC (bii shii) is college in the U.S. BC wa amerika no daigaku desu.

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