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Middle Eastern Independence Movements

Explore the evolution of government in Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, from the establishment of democracy and industrialization in Turkey to the nationalist revolution in Iran and the Islamist rule in Saudi Arabia. Learn about the key historical events and the role of Western influence in shaping these countries' political systems.

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Middle Eastern Independence Movements

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  1. Middle Eastern Independence Movements What types of governments form in Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia?

  2. Kemal brings democracy to Turkey making it a republic (1923), begins industrialization Turkey • Mustafa Kemal defeats Greek invaders, named President of Turkey 2. Sets up western legal system, no Islamic Law (secular society) 3. Grants women the right to vote/hold office • Turkish people give Kemal the nickname “Ataturk”, (supported by US/Britain – western laws & strategic location)

  3. Iran 1. Pahlavi names himself Shah, changes country’s name to Iran • 1925: Shah of Persia overthrown in a nationalist revolution led by Reza Pahlavi 2. Industrializes Iran, uses secular western law, gives women rights 3. As Shah he turns Iran into a totalitarian government but supported by US/Britain – western laws, location & oil Overthrown

  4. Saudi Arabia • Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud uses nationalism to unite Arabia, names himself King of Arabia (1926) • Keeps Islamic law instead of western law • Limits industrialization, no wom. rights, no democracy • Changes name to Saudi Arabia (to reflect his name), (supported by US/Britain – oil) Discovery of Oil in the Middle East • 1908: Oil discovered in the Middle East (2/3 of world’s oil) $ $ • US & Britain want more influence in the region Turn to page 457 Discuss: Where is most Middle East oil found and what waterways are important for the oil industry?

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