War of 1812

1. War of 1812

2. What you need to know • Causes of war • Impressment • Tecumseh & William Henry Harrison • USS Constitution • Battle of Baltimore • Star Spangled Banner • Battle of New Orleans & Andrew Jackson • Treaty of Ghent

3. Jefferson is popular • After LA Purchase, American people love Jefferson • Won easy reelection in 1804

4. Britain & France fighting again • France tried to isolate Britain economically • Attempted to exclude them from European market • Britain blockaded French ports

5. US dragged into it • France & Britain began seizing US merchant ships • Both did it / Britain was worse • Confiscated cargo • Impressed sailors – seized for British naval service

6. US dragged into it • British got most of the blame • They were doing it more • Jefferson didn’t like them

7. Chesapeake Incident • British admiral demanded to board US merchant ship Chesapeake • US captain refused, British ship fired on them, killed three Americans

8. Jefferson’s reaction • Jefferson convinced Congress to pass Embargo Act of 1807 • Cut off trade with other countries completely • Ended up hurting US more than anyone else – later revoked

9. Tecumseh • Chief of Shawnee • US bought 3 million acres of land • Believed land sales to US were wrong • United various tribes to fight US

10. Tecumseh • Traveled around S&W trying to get support from tribes • Tried to get natives to turn from white man’s lifestyle

11. Tecumseh • Didn’t get much support from tribes • Many tribes had already sold land • They were living on white man’s money

12. Battle of Tippecanoe – 1811 • Tecumseh was traveling around trying to get support • Left brother “The Prophet” in charge – sneak attacked US

13. Battle of Tippecanoe – 1811 • Americans retaliated • Destroyed Shawnee settlement on Tippecanoe River

14. Battle of Tippecanoe – 1811 • Hero of battle was William Henry Harrison • Later elected President in 1840

15. Aftermath of Tippecanoe • US found out British Canada had given weapons to Shawnee • War hawks – Congressmen from S&W who called for war against Britain

16. 1808 & 1812 Elections • James Madison (D-R) won both elections easily • Fed Party was practically dead • Spring 1812 – Madison decided to go to war with Britain

17. War of 1812 – beginning • US was unprepared to fight • British Canadians invaded immediately • US navy had frigates • Smaller, quicker ships • Most famous – USS Constitution

18. “Old Ironsides” • Sank 2 & captured 2 frigates in same battle • Cannonballs literally bounced off the hull

19. British attack Washington DC • Americans had burned York, capital of Upper Canada • British retaliate by invading Washington DC • Burned Capitol & White House

20. Evacuation • Pres. & Mrs. Madison escaped from White House • 1st lady Dolley Madison saved important things from house

21. Evacuation • Dolley saved: • Famous portrait of George Washington • Declaration of Independence • Constitution

22. Battle of Baltimore • Fort McHenry bombarded all night by British ships • Still standing strong at sunrise • Raised massive flag in triumph

23. Battle of Baltimore • Francis Scott Key was on nearby ship • Watched battle all night

24. Battle of Baltimore • He was excited when he saw the flag • Wrote a poem about it • Became the national anthem

25. General Andrew Jackson • Gen Jackson fought battles against Creeks • Won decisively • Ended native threat in south

26. Battle of New Orleans • Happened after war was over • News moved slowly • Outnumbered, routed British in New Orleans • Became national hero, later President

27. Treaty of Ghent – 1814 • Signed Christmas Eve 1814 • Ended War of 1812 • Status quo ante bellum • Didn’t resolve all problems • Resolved eventually

28. What you need to know • Causes of war • Impressment • Tecumseh & William Henry Harrison • USS Constitution • Battle of Baltimore • Star Spangled Banner • Battle of New Orleans & Andrew Jackson • Treaty of Ghent