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Matter

Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass. Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition. USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Mass is different from weight. mass is the measure of the quantity of matter in an object weight is the force that gravity exerts on an object.

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Matter

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  1. Matter

  2. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  3. Mass is different from weight • mass is the measure of the quantity of matter in an object • weight is the force that gravity exerts on an object • astronaut’s mass • = 50 kg • astronaut’s weightearth • = 50 kg * 9.8 m/s2 Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

  4. On the moon, astronauts feel weightless • weightmoon = 1/6 weightearth http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/IMAGES/SMALL/GPN-2002-000146.jpg

  5. Classification of matter

  6. There are different ways to classify matter • based on physical state (solid, liquid, gas) • based on composition (substance, mixture) Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

  7. Classification of matterbased on physical state(solid, liquid, gas)

  8. Properties of a solid • retains its own shape and volume • virtually incompressible • does not flow ? Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd. Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

  9. Properties of a liquid • assumes the shape of the container • does not expand to fill container • virtually incompressible • flows readily Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd. Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

  10. Properties of a gas • assumes both the volume and shape of the container • compressible • flows readily Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd. Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

  11. Matter can change from one physical state to another Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

  12. * Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce change. It may take different forms, and heat is one of them. Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

  13. Classification of matterbased on composition(substance, mixture) Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  14. A substance has definite or fixed composition which does not vary from one sample to another gold water Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  15. Substances are further classified into two: elements and compounds Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  16. Elements are composed entirely of one type of atom Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd. Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  17. Compounds are made up of two or more different kinds of atoms that are combined in fixed ratios Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd. Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  18. Note: There is a difference between a compound and a molecule • compound • made up of two or more different kinds of atoms joined together Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd. Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

  19. Note: There is a difference between a compound and a molecule • molecule • made up of two or more atoms joined together • the atoms may be the same or different Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd. Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

  20. Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  21. A mixture has a composition that may vary from one sample to another silver and gold silver and gold in water Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  22. Mixtures are further classified into two: homogeneous and heterogeneous Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  23. Homogeneous mixture has the same composition and properties throughout the solution Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  24. Heterogeneous mixturevaries in composition and/or properties from one part of the mixture to another Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  25. Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

  26. Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.

  27. Properties of matter

  28. The properties of matter can be given in two ways • extensive or intensive property • physical or chemical property

  29. Properties of matter(extensive or intensive property)

  30. Extensive property depends on the amount of matter being considered • values of the same extensive property may be added together Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc. www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Cats/CatOnScale.jpg

  31. Intensive property does not depend on the amount of matter being considered • values of the same intensive property may not be added together • extensive / extensive = intensive Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  32. For next week meeting • Bring your scientific calculator

  33. Properties of matter(physical or chemical property)

  34. Physical propertycan be measuredwithout altering the composition or identity of a substance • physical change: only alters the physical make-up of a substance Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

  35. Chemical property cannot be measured without converting the substance into some other substance • chemical change: changes the chemical make-up of a substance Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

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