Review 2 nd Exam: Introduction to World History

1. Review 2nd Exam: Introduction to World History • Post-War Europe, 1919-1939 • Italy and the Rise of Fascism • Germany (Weimar Republic and Nazism) • United States/Latin America/Middle East • Japan and China • Stalin’s Russia • Spanish Civil War • Road to War: Appeasement • Crises in Austria and Czechoslovakia • From beginning of WWII to 1941.

2. Review Session: Readings • Readings you will be responsible for on the exam: • Readings from Sources of Twentieh Century Global History: Chapters 3-5, 7-8. • J.A. Grenville, A History of the World, Part III, Chapters 15-18; Part IV, Chapters 19-25; Part V., Chapter 26.

3. Post-War Europe • Peace Treaties: Versailles, etc. • New Europe vs. Old Europe (New countries) • Liberalism and alternative political/economic systems: Communism, Fascism, Authoritarianism (examples?)

4. Fate of Great Power system • Italy in the post-war era: rise of fascism (causes and consequences, 1919-1934) • What is fascism? Major ideological tenets: Statism, Corporatism, Anti-Enlightenment, Belief in Violence… • Role of Mussolini (Il Duce)?

5. Germany • Germany in the post-war era: rise of Nazism, Weimar interlude. • Communist uprising, 1919 • Right-wing coup attempts, 1920,1923. • Define Weimar Republic (dates?) and know about political, economic, social circumstances which gave rise to extremist movements.

6. World Outside Europe • United States in post-war era: From Wilsonian idealism to • Prohibition (beginning and end), “Roaring Twenties,” Economic prosperity and political isolationism. • Great Depression, 1929 • F.D. Roosevelt and the “New Deal”, 1932-1945 • “Good Neighbor” policy (Latin America)

7. Latin America • Mexico • Depression in L.A. • Liberalism and Fascism in L.A. (Brazil)

8. Middle East • Imperial Interests: Sykes-Picot (1916), Balfour Declaration (1917), Post-war treaties (Sèvres, 1920/Lausanne, 1923) • Modern Turkey – Mustafa Pasha/Kemal Ataturk

9. Japan and China • Japanese expansion, 1920s and 1930s • Relations with West: Ending of Anglo-Japanese alliance, 1923 (Washington Naval Conference, 1921-1922). • Manchukuo, 1932 • War with China, 1937 • “Rape of Nanking”

10. China • Sun Yat-Sen’sdeath (1925) results in rise of his protégé, Chiang Kai-Shek. • Kuomintang’s, KMT efforts to unify China • Formation of PCC, 1921 • “Northern Expedition,” 1927 – Cooperation between Kuomintang and Chinese Communists never materializes. • 1937 -- Rape of Nanjing: China goes to war with Japan. • Chinese Response to Japanese invasion

11. Soviet Union, 1924-1939 • Russia in the post- Civil War era • Main features of Stalin’s political/economic system (“Socialism in one country”) • Stalin’s foreign policy: Isolationism, 1924-1935; Popular Front, 1935-1939; “Alliance” with Germany, 1939-1941.

12. Spanish Civil War • Second Republic, 1931-1936 • Civil War, 1936-1939 • Republican parties? • Nationalist parties? • Franco and Nationalists (relations with Germany and Italy) • Non-Intervention (1936) and its impact

13. Facing the Dictators • Great Britain and France • Domestic responses to Great Depression • Foreign Policies: Appeasement strategy

14. Inter-war Crises: Anschluss/Czechoslovakia, 1938-1939 • Germany’s annexation of Austria (March, 1938) • Hitler’s efforts to annex Sudetenland (Spring-Summer, 1938) • Fate of Czechoslovakia (Munich Agreement, 30 September 1938) • End of “Appeasement”? (Anglo-Polish Agreement, March, 1939)

15. First stage of SWW • Mussolini invades and annexes Albania – April, 1939 • Soviet-Nazi pact, August, 1939 • Invasion of Poland, 1 September, 1939 • Russo-Finnish War, 1939-1940 • Scandinavian War, April-May, 1940 • Fall of France, May-June, 1940 • Battle of Britain, August-October, 1940

16. First stage, cont. • U.S. and Lend-Lease (March, 1941) • Battle of the Atlantic • Italy’s Parallel War (October, 1940) • Invasion of Balkans/North Africa