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Understanding the Crusades: A Historical Overview

Learn about the Crusades, holy wars against non-Christians in medieval Europe, including their origins, motivations, key crusades, and impacts on society. Explore the power of religion, trade, and the status of women in this turbulent period of history.

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Understanding the Crusades: A Historical Overview

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  1. Crusades

  2. What is a Crusade? • Holy war against an infidel or unbeliever In medieval Europe, this meant anyone who did not follow the Roman Catholic religion

  3. How The Crusades Began… • Seljuk Turks (Muslims) took over Jerusalem • Threatened Byzantium • The Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I wrote a letter to Pope Urban II asking for help Remember we discussed this during our Islam unit??

  4. Byzantium = Nervous • Turks took over Abbasid land and the Anatolian peninsula • VERY close to Constantinople… the Byzantine Emperor asked for HELP!

  5. Pope Urban II • Saw this as an opportunity to strengthen the church and raise an army • Could free Jerusalem and the “holy land” • In 1095 the Pope called on people to fight for “their God” and he promised the remission of sins

  6. Pope Urban II & Peasants • Called on the people of Europe to fight in 1095 • Thousands responded • Peasants are unprepared (skills & supplies) • Most die

  7. Why Join a Crusade? • Knights motivated by: • Religion (and sins) • Adventure • Fighting • Opportunity to gain land, riches & maybe even a title

  8. Crusade Video http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1kntw5_crusades-1-pilgrims-in-arms_shortfilms

  9. 1st Crusade • First Crusade • Many knights (especially from France) • Several thousand cavalry & 10,000 infantry • Reached Jerusalem in June, 1099 • Won

  10. After the Crusaders won… • They divided up the land into states • Called the land the “Kingdom Beyond the Sea” • Many crusaders returned home (to England, France, etc.)… • Muslims win back one of the states by 1144: Edessa

  11. 2nd Crusade • Crusaders try to win back Edessa • Fail

  12. 3rd Crusade(King’s Crusade) • Jerusalem recaptured by Muslims by 1187 • Muslims led by Saladin • Third Crusade (sometimes called the Kings Crusade) led by many great European leaders • King Richard vs. Saladin… ends in a truce • Muslims control Jerusalem but Christians are free to worship in the city

  13. 4th Crusade • Many years later… Saladin dies • Pope Innocent III decides to start a 4th crusade to win back Jerusalem • Crusaders meet in Venice, Italy- they realize they need money and weapons • Venice’s leader, Dodge Dandello • Invade Constantinople (Byzantium)

  14. 4th Crusade • Not a single Muslim killed • The Crusaders never made it to Jerusalem • The Crusades began because of the emperor of Byzantium- in the end they invade Byzantium!

  15. Crusade Video http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1kq8wt_crusades-4-destruction_shortfilms

  16. Other Crusading Efforts: • Spanish Reconquista / Inquisition • Children’s Crusade

  17. Effects of the Crusades: • Power of religion • Status of women • Trade • Religious tensions among Christians, Jewish, Muslims

  18. Crusade Summary • Byz Emperor asks for help- Pope calls for crusade • Peasant Crusade- all die • 1st Crusade/ Knight- Win Jerusalem • 2nd Crusade- FAIL- Unable to recapture Edessa • 3rd Crusade/ King’s Crusade- Ends in Truce, Muslims maintain control over J • 4th Crusade- Never make it to Jerusalem

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