Developing Integrated Emission Strategies for Existing Land-transport (DIESEL)

1. Developing Integrated Emission Strategies for Existing Land-transport (DIESEL) Pilot Project in Bangkok, Thailand Ms. Mingquan Wichayarungsalidh Director of Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau Pollution Control Department Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Bangkok, Thailand DIESEL Project -Bangkok

2. Background Information Bangkok Total Area 1,568 km2 Population in 2002 = 5,782,159 Population Density = 3,686 /km2 DIESEL Project -Bangkok

3. Vehicle Trend & Fuel Consumption Trend of Vehicle 1992-2003 Fuel Product Sales 1992 - 2003 DIESEL Project -Bangkok

4. Current State and Trends of the Air Quality in BKK TSP Annual standard50 Ug/m3 PM10 Annual standard =0.1 mg/m3 Roadside PM10 Visibility Ambient PM10 Visibility DIESEL Project -Bangkok

5. Major Sources of PM DIESEL Project -Bangkok

6. Sources of Air Pollution A l l S o u r c e s DIESEL Project -Bangkok

7. High PM emission from Diesel Very old age engine Vehicle Congestion High Dairy operation Poor Maintenance Over-loaded operation Aggressive driving behavior DIESEL Project -Bangkok

8. Developing Integrated Emission Strategies for Existing Land-Transport (DIESEL) Introduction All Asian cities are experiencing serious PM pollution, including Bangkok. The CAI-Asia conducted the ‘DIESEL Pilot in Bangkok’ • The ultimate goals of the project are: • To gain a better understanding of factors affecting • in-use diesel vehicle emissions. • To assess alternative mitigation options to assist • decision making in developing countries. DIESEL Project -Bangkok

9. Organization Structure Advisory Operational • Local Steering Committee • Chair • Representative from: • PCD, BMTA, NGO, • NEPO, BMA, University • Project Management Team • Manager (PCD) • Coordinator • Technical Advisor • Assistant Bangkok • Advisory Committee • AQM specialist • Transport policy sp. • Development sp. • Vehicle technology sp. • Fuel sp. • CAI-Asia: Sub-committee • Funding partners • Two Regional Reps. International DIESEL Project -Bangkok

10. Assessment: • Feasibility • Incentives • Acceptability • Effectiveness • Policies & Technologies Action Plan for Bangkok • Selection: • Policies • Regulations • Technologies • Other Policies Technologies Analytical Tools Emission Testing Emission Reduction DIESEL Pilot: Process DIESEL Project -Bangkok

11. Developing Integrated Emission Strategies for Existing Land-Transport (DIESEL) Components • Three scope of work for project • Component 1: City Specific Data • Component 2: Policy and Technical Options Analysis & Testing of Options • Component 3: Evaluation and Dissemination DIESEL Project -Bangkok

12. Component 1: City Specific Data PM concentration Fuel Vehicle Operation & Validation Health Effect Vehicle Emission Vehicle Taxation Transport Policy ETC. DIESEL Project -Bangkok

13. Average mileage for LDDV • Sedan 26,000 km/year • Pick up 27,000 km/year • Private Van 37,000 km/year • Passenger Van 41,000 km/year • Fuel Consumption for HDDV- Bus (per vehicle per month) • Fixed route bus 1,730 L • Private bus 1,790 L • Non fixed route bus 250 L • Truck (per vehicle per month) • Non fixed route truck 960 • Private Truck 902 L Component 1: City Specific Data Diesel Vehicle Operation & Validation DIESEL Project -Bangkok

14. Component 1: City Specific Data DIESEL Emission data • Total number of samples for developing Emission Factors • Total 200 vehicles • 155 Heavy duty diesel vehicles • Plus 30 Heavy duty diesel vehicles under Diesel Retrofit Project • 50 Light duty diesel vehicles • Plus 15 Light duty diesel vehicles under Chiangmai Biodiesel Project • Pollutants • Particulate Matter (PM) • Second-by-second • Total emission • Opacity Test • Second-by-second • Snap acceleration • Gaseous Emission (CO, CO2, HC, NOx) • Second-by-second DIESEL Project -Bangkok

15. Component 1: City Specific Data DIESEL Test Protocol • Three Test Protocol • Bus • Truck • Light duty diesel vehicle • Cycles • Inspection Cycle • Short cycle (~3 minutes) • Improve inspection program • Bangkok Driving Cycle (~30 minutes) • Develop Emission Factors • Total Emission by diesel vehicles in Bangkok • European Cycle (10 – 20 minutes) • Comparing emission from Bangkok to other cities DIESEL Project -Bangkok

16. Component 2: Policy and Technical Options • Technical options to reduce Diesel pollution • Better Inspection and Maintenance program • Retrofit by using after-treatment technology • Re-powering by using either high quality second-hand or new engine • Alternative Fuel • Clean Fuel • New vehicle technology • Related Programs • Driver Clinic • Preventive maintenance program • Retrofit and Re-powering program • Emission and safety inspection program • Bus Priority Program DIESEL Project -Bangkok

17. Where are we now? We are here DIESEL Project -Bangkok

18. Expected Output • Emission from Diesel Vehicles • City-Specific Database • Bangkok Ambient PM concentration • In-use vehicle database • Diesel Pollution Reduction Strategies • IDEAS model • Decision making tools • Cost-benefit analysis for each diesel pollution option • Suitable Diesel Pollution Reduction Strategies for Bangkok • Recommendation strategies for reduce diesel pollution from DIESEL project to Bangkok city • Dissemination of possible strategies to other cities DIESEL Project -Bangkok

19. Merits for Project Stakeholders • Air Quality Improvement • Better transport system • Lesson learn from Bangkok • Decreased FuelConsumption • Increased Income • Report/ information • Cleaner air • Economical/ environmental transport system • City of Bangkok • Other cities • Diesel fleet Operators • Financial institutions • Bangkok citizens DIESEL Project -Bangkok

20. Challenges Ahead • Local, national and international cooperation • In-depth data used • Resources to finance the DIESEL Pilot • From strategy to real-world implementation • Long-term sustainability and continuous updating of information DIESEL Project -Bangkok

21. Thank you for your attention For more information, please visit our website at www.pcd.go.th/diesel DIESEL Project -Bangkok