Word Stress - Guidelines

1. Word Stress - Guidelines • read: Roach Chapter 10 We first ask: is the word simple, complex or compound?

2. Word Stress - Guidelines Simple Complex Compound:

3. Word Stress - Guidelines Simple : one morpheme: enter, deny, return, cotton, potato Complex Compound

4. Word Stress - Guidelines Simple : one morpheme: enter, deny, return, cotton, potato Complex : bound or unbound stem with bound morphemes (affixes: prefixes or suffixes): singer, goodness, unlock, capable, conversation Compound

5. Word Stress - Guidelines Simple : one morpheme: enter, deny, return, cotton, potato Complex : bound or unbound stem with bound morphemes (affixes: prefixes or suffixes): singer, goodness, unlock, capable, conversation Compound: more than one unbound morpheme: greenhouse, handbag, overcast, whitewash

6. Word Stress - Guidelines Simple: complicated rules, many exceptions Complex: fairly simple and fixed rules (see Roach) Compound: fairly simple rules, not many exceptions (see Roach)

7. Word Stress - Guidelines Simple: complicated rules, many exceptions I know of no simple or exceptionless set of rules, but try googling “word stress”: • http://oak.ucc.nau.edu/tn24/wordstress/wstresstext.html • http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/pron/word_stress.shtml

8. 1. SIMPLE WORDS We have to consider the following: • the phonological structure of the syllable • the number of syllables • the grammatical category

9. 1. SIMPLE WORDS • Phonological structure: 'heavy' and 'light' syllables A 'heavy' syllable • contains a long (tense) vowel or a diphthong OR • ends in more than one consonant. Otherwise the syllable is light.

10. 1. SIMPLE WORDS

11. 1. SIMPLE WORDS

12. 1. SIMPLE WORDS

13. 1. SIMPLE WORDS

14. Word Stress - Guidelines Simple : one morpheme: enter, deny, return, cotton, potato Complex : bound or unbound stem with bound morphemes (affixes: prefixes or suffixes): singer, goodness, unlock, capable, conversation Compound: more than one unbound morpheme: greenhouse, handbag, overcast, whitewash

15. 2. Complex Words • Roach, Chapter 11 • Unclear distinction, not always useful legal – illegal lawful – unlawful

16. 2. Complex Words: suffixes • Roach, Chapter 11 • stem + affix (prefix, infix, suffix) • Is the affix productive (=common, can be applied to new words) ?

17. 2. Complex Words: suffixes • Roach, Chapter 11 • Suffixes: • Have no effect: comfort + able, wonder + ful -age, -al, -en, -ing, - ish

18. 2. Complex Words: suffixes • Roach, Chapter 11 • Suffixes: • Have no effect • Effect the stress-pattern • Take the stress themeselves

19. 2. Complex Words: suffixes • Roach, Chapter 11 • Suffixes: • Have no effect • Effect the stress-pattern • Take the stress themeselves

20. 2. Complex Words: suffixes • Roach, Chapter 11 • Suffixes: • Have no effect comfort - able, wonder - ful -age, -al, -en, -ing, - ish

21. 2. Complex Words: suffixes • Roach, Chapter 11 • Suffixes: • Have no effect • Effect the stress-pattern. attract the stress to the syllable before the suffix photo - graphy, perfect – ion, tranquil – ity -eous, -ious, -ial, -ic, -ive

22. 2. Complex Words: suffixes • Roach, Chapter 11 • Suffixes: • Have no effect • Effect the stress-pattern • Take the stress themeselves refugee, mountaineer, Portuguese, cigarette, picturesque

23. 3. Complex words: two stems • Roach, Chapter 11 • suitcase, sunrise, toothbrush • tooth-brush, car-ferry, hay-fever, • Web page, hay fever, summer time

24. 3. Complex words: two stems • Roach, Chapter 11 • Variable stress it’s upstairs, an upstairs bedroom he’s bad-tempered, a bad-tempered man

25. 3. Complex words: two stems • Roach, Chapter 11 • Word-class pairs, p110 insult, objet, protest, record