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Colonial Life

Based on this portrait, what role did women play? What role did men play and what economic activities seem to prevail? What region do you think do you think this represents?. Colonial Life.

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Colonial Life

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  1. Based on this portrait, what role did women play? What role did men play and what economic activities seem to prevail? What region do you think do you think this represents? Colonial Life

  2. population growth due to longer life expectancies, better health, high fertility rates and especially immigration Middle and Southern colonies experienced more population growth due to beginnings of slave trade and availability of land most population influx of lower classes Population boom

  3. Social classes: Self-concious elites (merchants, lawyers, plantation owners), middling sort (small land owning farmers or craftsmen most commonly called Yeomen Farmers ). Made up 60 percent of population “dependents” made up 40 percent of the population. For men who were considered independent social mobility was a given because of the abundance of land. Men could own land, unlike in England, therefore giving them and their posterity economic opportunities Social structure

  4. Pennsylvania Dutch • Not Dutch at all • originally from Germany and spelled their name Duetsch which was mispronounced Scots Irish originally poor farmers who migrated to Ireland to avoid poverty and seek new opportunities. moved to English North America and started in Pennsylvania and spread along the backcountry. They separated themselves from the rest of society and were stout Presbyterians, however they stubbornly opposed theocracy. Opposed to government mandates and viewed the Indians as enemies. Paxton Boys March – vigilante Scots-Irish who marched on Philadelphia and killed twenty Indians known as the Conestoga Massacre Regulator Movement – angry, depressed famers murder corrupt political leaders to set up an honest government Scots-Irish and Pennsylvania Dutch

  5. Molasses Act-hurt trade and the stopped French import of Molasses but English merchants then smuggled the good and the trade continued. Represents colonial opposition to British authority shipbuilding (more ships than all other colonies combined), timber harvesting of white pine Fishing 1/3 of economy “gold mines of New England.” Fishing produced more wealth than all the gold chests of the Aztecs, whaling industry, trade of raw goods into slave colonies of west indies New England colonies benefited greatly from slave trade wheat production but the “wheat blast” ruined the crop Yankee Ingenuity : Hard work, energy, purposefulness, sternness, stubbornness, self reliance and resourcefulness New England Education Towns of 50 or more had to provide education – Harvard, William and Mary, Princeton • Land • thought Indians wasted land and English had a right to improve it

  6. “The best Poor man’s country” many small farms for the growth of family food but also mass production of wheat Yeomen Farmers “Pennsylvania the Breadbasket.” Fueled growth of milling flour and trade. Livestock, pig iron, flaxseed and barrel staves. Middle Colonies

  7. Plantations in the South • Large plantations emerged to handle fluctuations of market and soil depravation. Large plantations lower per unit cost and increased profits. Also large plantations needed more than indentured servants or “white slaves” to work. Chesapeake and lower south Chesapeake had 90 percent of white population and 80 percent of black population. Tobacco cultivation and used as a medium of exchange. 1/3 of colonial exports and all went to England first to be taxed and then redistributed. Southern Colonies • Agriculture • Rice and Indigo production a major export in Georgia and South Carolina. • Slaves fed the other slaves in West Indies with rice production.

  8. Salutary Neglect Most colonial governments had three commonalities: Governor, council and an assembly (bi-cameral). Governor usually represented the interests of the crown. Most appointed by the Crown. Rhode Island and Connecticut had elected governors. Council usually appointed by governor to help in decision making Assembly members were elected and helped enact laws. Ex: House of Burgesses, House of Delegates in Maryland, House of Representatives in Massachusetts Factioning of political groups many times based on wealth or ethnicity became a problem. Government Structures

  9. Regional distinctions emerging even at the turn of the 18th century *New England heavily dependent on trade, fishing, shipbuilding, whaling and forestry – emergence of mercantilism – land became scarce *Middle Colonies dependent on mainly agriculture – corn, some forestry and naval stores *Southern colonies entirely dependent upon agriculture – abundance of land, wealthiest men lived southern colonies (small percentage), emergence of plantations Colonial Economic Activities

  10. *Emergence of Triangular Trade *English, French and Native Americans battled for control of fur and fish trade *Beaver Wars: Kanienkehaka, Onundagaono, and Onayotekaono (Oneida), Haudenosaunee tribes involved in war over beaver trade which was considered a “hot” item in Europe *Overfishing of cod and whale *Due to families dividing land up among many children land became scarce and colonist began to expand westward meeting Native opposition Trade Wars in New England

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