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Status of the MINERvA Project

Status of the MINERvA Project. George Tzanakos University of Athens. Outline Introduction Physics Goals The NuMI Beam Detector Technology The MINERvA Detector Expected Results Connection to Neutrino Oscillation Expts Current Status and Outlook Conclusions. What is MINERvA.

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Status of the MINERvA Project

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  1. Status of the MINERvA Project George Tzanakos University of Athens Outline Introduction Physics Goals The NuMI Beam Detector Technology The MINERvA Detector Expected Results Connection to Neutrino Oscillation Expts Current Status and Outlook Conclusions ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  2. What is MINERvA Main INjector ExpeRiment for v-A • MINERvA is a newly approved FNAL Experiment designed to study neutrino-nucleus interactions with unprecedented detail. • MINERvA uses a compact, fully active neutrino detector to make accurate measurements of v – A cross sections in exclussive channels. • The MINERvA detector will be placed in the NuMI beam line upstream of the MINOS Near Detector. ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  3. NuMI Beam MINOS ND MINERvA Main Injector Location ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  4. MINOS ND MINERvA (Animation) ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  5. The MINERvA Collaboration G. Blazey, M.A.C. Cummings, V. Rykalin Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois W.K. Brooks, A. Bruell, R. Ent, D. Gaskell,, W. Melnitchouk, S. Wood Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia S. Boyd, D. Naples, V. Paolone University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania A. Bodek, R. Bradford, H. Budd, J. Chvojka, P. de Babaro, S. Manly,K. McFarland, J. Park,W. Sakumoto University of Rochester, Rochester, New York R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang, G. Kumbartzki, K. McCormick, R. Ransome Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey A. Chakravorty Saint Xavier University, Chicago, Illinois H. Gallagher, T. Kafka, W.A. Mann, W. Oliver Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts J. Nelson, F.X.Yumiceva William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia D. Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis, G. Tzanakos, M. Zois University of Athens, Athens, Greece D. Casper, J. Dunmore, C. Regis, B. Ziemer University of California, Irvine, California E. Paschos University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany D. Boehnlein, D. A. Harris, M. Kostin, J.G. Morfin, A. Pla-Dalmau, P. Rubinov, P. Shanahan, P. Spentzouris Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois M.E. Christy, W. Hinton, C.E .Keppel Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia R. Burnstein, O. Kamaev, N. Solomey Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois S.Kulagin Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia I. Niculescu. G. .Niculescu James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia Red = HEP, Blue = NP, Black = Theorist ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  6. Motivation: Accurate v-oscillation + NP For mass splitting (m2) measurements in νμdisappearance • Understanding of relationship between observed energy & incident neutrino energy (Evis E)ultimate precision in m2 • Measurement of -initiated nuclear effects • Improved measurement of exclusive cross sections • For electron appearance(νμ νe) • Much improved measurements of -nucleus exclusive  accurate backgroung predictions  signal above background estimation • Individual final states cross sections (esp. π0 production) • Intra-nuclear charge exchange • Nuclear (A) dependence • For Nuclear Physics • New precise Jefferson Lab measurements of electron scattering are inspiring nuclear physicists to consider neutrinos • Vector versus axial vector form factors • Nuclear effects: are they the same or different for neutrinos? ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  7. Physics Goals • Axial form factor of the nucleon • Yet to be accurately measured over a wide Q2 range. • Resonance production in both NC & CC neutrino interactions • Statistically significant measurements with 1-5 GeV neutrinos * • Study of “duality” with neutrinos • Coherent pion production • Statistically significant measurements of  or A-dependence • Nuclear effects • Expect some significant differences for -A vs e/μ-A nuclear effects • Strange Particle Production • Important backgrounds for proton decay • Parton distribution functions • Measurement of high-x behavior of quarks • Generalized parton distributions ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  8. Low E Neutrinos: Present Knowledge • Mainly from experiments in the 70’s and 80’s at ANL, BNL, FNAL, CERN, Serpukov • World sample statistics is poor! • Systematics large due to flux uncertainties • See examples: • Quasi elastic scattering • Single pion production (CC) • Total Cross Section • Coherent pion production ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  9. K2K and MiniBooNe Present Status: QE Scattering S. Zeller - NuInt04 ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  10. μp–p+ μn–n+ μn–p0 Current Status: CC Single Pion Production ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  11. (tot/E)vs E E NuMI flux (1-20 GeV) Current Status: Total Cross Section ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  12. Achieving the Objectives • Need an Intense Neutrino Beam (NuMI Beam) • Improved Systematics in Neutrino Flux (NuMI Target in MIPP Experiment) • We need a detector with • Good tracking resolution • Good momentum resolution • A low momentum threshold • Timing (for strange particle ID) • Particle ID to identify exclusive final states • Variety of targets to study nuclear dependencies ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  13. Protons π, K ν The NuMI Beam ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  14. Move Target and Horn #2 Move Target only Neutrino Horns and Spectra • 120 GeV primary Main Injector beam • 675 meter decay pipe for p decay • Target readily movable in beam direction • 2-horn beam adjusts for variable energy range ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  15. NuMI Beam Intensity • Extremely intense beam: means near detectors see huge event rates • Example:NuMI low energy beam, get ~million events per ton-year in near hall • MIPP measurements of NuMI target mean that n flux will be better predicted than ever before • Perfect opportunity for precision n interaction studies ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  16. MINERvA Event Yields Assume: • 16×1020 POT in 4 years (mixture of LE, ME, & HE tunes) • Fiducial Volumes 3 ton (CH), 0.6 ton C, 1 ton Fe & 1 ton Pb  • 16 M total CC events (8.8 M in CH, 7.2 M in C,Fe, Pb) Expected event yields: • Quasi-elastic 0.8 M events • Resonance Production 1.6 M • Transition: Resonance to DIS 2.0 M • DIS and Structure Functions 4.1 M • Coherent Pion Production 85 K (CC) & 37 K (NC) • Strange & Charm Particle Production >230 K fully reco’d • Generalized Parton Distributions ~10 K • Nuclear Effects C: 1.4M; Fe: 2.9M; Pb: 2.9M ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  17. Clear fiber Scintillator and embedded WLS DDK Connectors Cookie M-64 PMT PMT Box Form Planes Detector Technology • 1.7 x 3.3 cm triangular strips • 1.2 mm WLS Fiber readout ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  18. PMT Box Assembly Fiber Bundle Fiber Cookie • M64 MAPMT • 64 pixels, 8 X 8 array • pixel: 2 x 2 mm2 • QE (520 nm): >12.5% • Cross-talk: ~ 10% • Anode Pulse Rise Time: ~0.83 nsec • TTS: 0.3 nsec • Uniformity: 1:3 Hamamatsu M64 MAPMT 64 signals Detector Technology ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  19. n n Detector Geometry • Downstream (DS) Calorimeters, Nuclear Targets: absorber + scintillator • Outer Detector (OD): (HCAL) frames • Active Target: Segmented scintillator detector 5.87 tons • 1 ton of US nuclear target planes (C, Fe, Pb) ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  20. Side view 3.80 m OD ECAL Detector Structure Steel Frame Mounting ears Lead Collar Scintillator planes or calorimeter targets Scintillator for calorimeters ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  21. p nuclear targets active detector n ECAL HCAL m Example: QE Event Quasi-elastic mn–p • Proton and muon tracks are clearly resolved • Observed energy deposit is shown as size of hit; can clearly see larger proton dE/dx • Precise determination of vertex and measurement of Q2 from tracking ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  22. g nuclear targets active detector n ECAL g HCAL Example: Pi-Zero 0 Production • Two photons clearly resolved (tracked). Can find vertex. • Some photons shower in ID,some in side ECAL (Pb absorber) region • Photon energy resolution is ~6%/sqrt(E)(average) ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  23. Expected Results: Examples • QE Scattering • Cross Sections • Axial Form Factors • Nuclear Effects • Coherent Pion Production ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  24. MINERA Quasi-Elastic Scattering ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  25. FAfrom previous D2 experiments Minera (4 year run} Dipole Form: QE Scattering: Axial Form Factor Efficiencies and Purity included. ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  26. QE Scattering: Axial Form Factor Deviation from Dipole behavior. Plot FA/Dipole form vs Q2 FA from the D2 experiments. Cross Section/Dipole Polarization/Dipole • MINERvA can determine: • Whether FA deviates from a dipole • Which Q2 form is correct: “cross-section” or “polarization” ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  27. n/m± n p0 /p± Z/W N N P Coherent Pion Production • Tests understanding of the weak interaction • The cross section can be calculated in various models • Neutral pion production is a significant background for neutrino oscillations • Asymmetric π0 showers can be confused with an electron shower • Precision measurement of (E) for NC and CC channels • Measurement of A-dependence • Comparison with theoretical models ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  28. 4-year MINERVA run Expected MiniBooNe & K2K measurements Coherent Pion Production ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  29. Rein-Seghal model A-range of current measurements MINERvA errors Paschos- Kartavtsev model A Coherent Pion Production MINERvA’s nuclear targets allow the first measurement of the A-dependence of σcoh across a wide A range ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  30. μ π Sergey Kulagin model Nuclear Effects & Δm2 Measurements Evis ≠ E • Understand the relationship Evis E • π absorption & rescattering • Final state rest masses • v-nuclear corrections predicted to be different from those in charged lepton scattering (studied from Deuterium to Pb at high energies) F2, Pb/C (MINERnA stat. errors) ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  31. Effect of pion absorption Effect of target nucleus Evis vs Etot ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  32. Before MINERvA (AM) Post MINERvA (PM) MINERvA & MINOS (δΔ/Δ)versusΔ, Δ Δm2 ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  33. Before Before MINERvA & NOvA • NOvA’s near detector will see different mix of events than the far detector Total fractional error in the predictions as a function of reach (NOvA) ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  34. MINERvA & T2K • T2K’s near detector will see different mix of events than the far detector • To make an accurate prediction one needs • 1 - 4 GeV neutrino cross sections (with energy dependence ) • MINERvA can provide these with low energy NuMI configuration ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  35. Current Status and Outlook • April 2004 – Stage I approval from FNAL PAC • October 2004 – Complete first Vertical Slice Test with MINERνA extrusions, WLS fiber and Front-End electronics • January 2005 – First Project Director’s (‘Temple’) Review • Summer 2005 – Second Vertical Slice Test • End FY 2005 – Projected Date for MINERvA Project Baseline Review • October 2006 – Start of Construction • Summer 2008 – MINERvA Installation and Commissioning in NuMI Near Hall ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  36. Summary • Presently Low Energy - Nucleus interactions are poorly measured. MINERA, a recently approved experiment, brings together the expertise of the HEP and NP communities to use the NuMI beam and a high granularity detector to break new ground on precision low-energy -A interaction measurements. • MINERvA will provide a high statistics and improved systematics study of important exclusive channels across a wider E range than currently available. With excellent knowledge of the beam (NuMI + MIPP), exclusive cross sections will be measured with unprecedented precision. • MINERvA will make a systematic study of nuclear effects in -A interactions (different than well-studied e-A channels) using C, Fe and Pb targets. • MINERvA will help improve the systematic errors of current and future neutrino oscillation experiments (MINOS, NoVA, T2K, and others). ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  37. Acknowledgements S. Boyd, H. Budd, D. Harris, J. Morfin, J. Nelson ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  38. ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  39. Protons π, K ν • 120 GeV protons extracted from MI into NuMI beam tunnel • Pitched downwards @ 160 mrad (initially) then to 58 mrad – toward Soudan • Incident on segmented graphite target • Focus charged hadrons with two magnetic horns pulsed with 200kA • 675m long steel decay pipe (0.5 Torr, encased in 2-3m concrete) • Hadron absorber downstream of decay pipe • 200m rock upstream of Near Detector for muon absorption ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  40. Hamamatsu M64 • Weight: 28 gr • 64 pixels, 8 X 8 array • pixel: 2 x 2 mm2 • Photocathode: bialkali • Spectral response: 300 - 650 nm • QE (520 nm): >12.5% • Cross-talk: ~ 10% • Anode Pulse Rise Time: ~0.83 nsec • TTS: 0.3 nsec • Uniformity: 1:3 ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  41. n p Quasi-Elastic Scattering ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

  42. FA is a major component of the cross section. % change in the cross section vs % change in the form factors QE Scattering: Axial Form Factor Contributions of the form factors to the cross section ERICE05, Sept 23, 2005

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