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Topic : Nervous System Aim : Use textual evidence to describe the structure of a neuron. Do Now :

Topic : Nervous System Aim : Use textual evidence to describe the structure of a neuron. Do Now : Take out your neurons reading notes and the respiratory ISA.. 2. Work on your respiratory and excretory exam review sheet. (4 minutes) HW : Finish review sheet for Monday. Tuesday:

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Topic : Nervous System Aim : Use textual evidence to describe the structure of a neuron. Do Now :

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  1. Topic: Nervous System Aim: Use textual evidence to describe the structure of a neuron. Do Now: • Take out your neurons reading notes and the respiratory ISA.. 2. Work on your respiratory and excretory exam review sheet. (4 minutes) HW: Finish review sheet for Monday. Tuesday: - Respiratory and Excretory System Exam - Castle Learning for Resp and Exc Systems due!

  2. Identify each numbered structure in the diagram on the loose-leaf below. (SKIP #3). 5: 4: 1: 2: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: nose or nostrils nasal cavity pharynx epiglottis larynx trachea lung bronchus diaphragm

  3. 2. Indicate the structures that contain a ciliated mucous membrane by writing it next the name of the structure on the loose-leaf. 5: 4: 1: 2: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: nose or nostrils ciliated mucous membrane nasal cavity pharynx epiglottis larynx ciliated mucous membrane trachea lung bronchus diaphragm

  4. 3. Indicate the structures that contain rings of cartilage by writing it next the name of the structure on the loose-leaf. 5: 4: 1: 2: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: nose or nostrils ciliated mucous membrane nasal cavity pharynx epiglottis larynx rings of cartilage trachea ciliated mucous membrane lung bronchus rings of cartilage diaphragm

  5. 3. Indicate in which structure gas exchange occurs by writing it next the name of the structure on the loose-leaf. 5: 4: 1: 2: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: nose or nostrils ciliated mucous membrane nasal cavity pharynx epiglottis larynx rings of cartilage trachea ciliated mucous membrane lung gas exchange bronchus rings of cartilage diaphragm

  6. 3. Indicate which structure aids in breathing by writing it next the name of the structure on the loose-leaf. 5: 4: 1: 2: 6: 7: 8: 9: 10: nose or nostrils ciliated mucous membrane nasal cavity pharynx epiglottis larynx rings of cartilage trachea ciliated mucous membrane lung gas exchange bronchus rings of cartilage diaphragm aids in breathing

  7. You are sound asleep and a loud alarm clock goes off…you wake up. Identify the stimulus, receptor, effector and response. Stimulus: alarm clock Receptor: ears Effector: muscle in your eye lids Response: opening your eyes

  8. Did you know... There are millions of nerve cells in the human body. This number even exceeds the number of stars in the Milky Way. The nervous system is very quick, it can transmit impulses at a tremendous speed of 100 meters per second. The speed of message transmission to the brain can be as high as 180 miles per hour. Neurons, which are the largest cells in the human body, do not undergo the process of mitosis.

  9. 1. Describe the nature of an impulse. Electrochemical message

  10. 2. Label the neuron in the diagram. Dendrites Cell body Schwann cell 4 Axon 5 Terminal branches

  11. Dendrites • Electrical impulse 3. Identify the 1st part of the neuron that receives the impulse. Dendrites 4 5

  12. Cell body 4. Identify the LARGEST(biggest) part of the neuron. Cell body 4 5

  13. Nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes 5. Identify the cell organelles (parts) located in the cell body. Cell body 4 5

  14. Axon 6. Identify the LONGESTpart of a neuron. Axon 4 5

  15. Did you know: The longest axon of a neuron is approximately around 15 feet (Giraffe primary sensory axon from toe to neck)

  16. Schwann cells 7. Identify the substance that can surround some axons. Schwann cells 4 5 Identify what Schwann cells form. MYELIN SHEATH

  17. Schwann cells form the myelin sheath, which helps move impulses quicker. 8. Describe the benefit of axons wrapped by Schwann cells.

  18. Myelinated neuronscan conduct nerve impulses over 100 m/s, whereas unmyelinated neuronsare much slower, with speeds of only 0.5 m/s.

  19. Terminal branches • Axon terminals 9. Identify the branches at the end of neurons. 4 Terminal branches 5

  20. Synapses 10. Identify the gap (space) between neurons.

  21. Neurotransmitters 11. Identify the chemical released by terminal branches into the synapse.

  22. 12. Describe the function of neurotransmitters. • Cross the gap junction (synapse) to stimulate the next neuron.

  23. dendrite muscle tissue Axon cell body TYPICAL MOTOR NEURON synapse Impulse in a Neuron cell body

  24. Receptors Observe the diagram above of a synapse. Identify how the neurotransmitter stimulates the next neuron. Hint…what do the neurotransmitters attach to on the next neuron?

  25. Attach to receptors on next neuron https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5zFgT4aofA

  26. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haNoq8UbSyc&NR=1&feature=endscreenhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haNoq8UbSyc&NR=1&feature=endscreen

  27. dendrite muscle tissue Axon cell body TYPICAL MOTOR NEURON synapse 13. For each part of the neuron, identify whether the impulse is electrical or chemical. cell body

  28. ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL • Dendrites • Cell body • Axon • Terminal branches • Synapse ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL

  29. Identify the red structures being released. NEUROTRANSMITTERS

  30. Neurons Dendrites Let’s summarize… • Identify the name of nerve cells. • Identify the part of the neuron that receives the impulse. • Identify the largest part of a neuron. • Identify the long part of the neuron. • Identify the structures that can wrap around the axon to speed up impulses. • Identify the last part of the neuron that send the impulse to the next neuron. • Identify the space between 2 neurons. • Identify the chemical that is secreted into the synapse. • Identify the structures that neurotransmitters attach to on the next neuron. Cell body Axon Schwann cells Terminal branches Synapse Neurotransmitters Receptors

  31. DIFFERENT NEUROTRANSMITTERS Dopamine:main focus neurotransmitter  • High or low levels can lead to focus issues such as not remembering where we put our keys or simply daydreaming and not being able to stay on task.  • It is also responsible for our drive or desire to get things done – or motivation.  • Medications such as those for ADD/ADHD and caffeine cause dopamine to be pushed into the synapse so that focus is improved. 

  32. Epinephrine:an excitatory neurotransmitter • There are high levels when ADHD like symptoms are present.  • Long term STRESS or INSOMNIA can cause epinephrine levels to be depleted (low).  • It also regulates HEART RATE and BLOOD PRESSURE

  33. NOREPINEPHRINE: excitatory neurotransmitter • It is responsible for stimulatory processes in the body.  • It helps to make epinephrine as well.  • HIGH LEVELS can cause ANXIETY. • LOW LEVELS are associated with LOW ENERGY, DECREASED IN FOCUS and sleep cycle problems.

  34. Seratonin– inhibitory neurotransmitters that regulates moods • Necessary for a stable mood • Stimulant medications or caffeine in your daily can cause a decrease in serotonin over time. • Many researchers believe that an imbalance in serotonin levels may lead to depression. Possible problems include low brain cell production of serotonin, a lack of receptor sites able to receive the serotonin that is made, inability of serotonin to reach the receptor sites, or a shortage in tryptophan, the chemical from which serotonin is made.

  35. Endorphin– block pain messages • Stress and pain are the two most common factors leading to the release of endorphins. • Endorphins interact with receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of pain and act similarly to drugs such as morphine and codeine. • Leads to feelings of euphoria, modulation of appetite, release of sex hormones, and enhancement of the immune response

  36. Review: Identify the part of the neuron being described. Long part of neuron that carries the impulse to the terminal branches. First part of the neuron that receives the impulse. Release neurotransmitters. Contains the nucleus. Helps the impulse travel faster. The space in between two neurons.

  37. A Identify the structures labeled in the diagram. A – nasal cavity B – pharynx C – larynx D – trachea E – bronchi F – bronchioles G – lung H - diaphragm B C D E F G H

  38. Identify all labeled structures in the diagram of the urinary system. • Describe three functions of the kidneys. • Identify the structures that temporarily store urine. • Identify the structures that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. • Identify the structure that transports urine out of the body.

  39. Trachea • Nostrils • Nasal cavity • Pharynx • Epiglottis • Larynx • Bronchus • Bronchiole • Bronchiole • Diaphragm

  40. Bronchiole 11. Alveolus 13. 15. Alveolus 14. capillary 12. Alveoli

  41. Identify A, B, C and D. Identify the metabolic wastes excreted by each organ. CO2 and H2O vapor lung B skin Perspiration: H2O, salt, urea Produces urea and detoxifies blood liver C kidney D Filters urea from the blood Produces urine

  42. Identify structure X in the diagram above. • Alveolus • 2. Identify the organ this structure is found in. • Lungs • 3. Identify the process that occurs in this structure. • Gas exchange

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