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MACROMOLECULES

Unveil the essence of macromolecules - the fundamental components that define life itself. Learn about carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and understand their crucial roles in the body. Dive into the world of CHONPS elements and explore how these macromolecules shape the biological foundation of all living organisms.

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MACROMOLECULES

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  1. MACROMOLECULES YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT!

  2. Macromolecules • Living things are made mostly of the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosporus, and Sulfur (CHONPS) with a few other elements in small amounts. • These create four key building blocks of life called “macromolecules”. Each of the macromolecules performs a different function in the body and is structurally different. • All macromolecules are polymers (large structures) usually made of monomers (repeating smaller pieces)

  3. Macromolecules • The four building blocks of ALL life are… • Carbohydrates: for structure and energy • Proteins: for structure, function, and performance • Lipids: for insulation, energy storage, and waterproofing • Nucleic Acids: for genetic instructions • All living things (no matter how different they seem) contain these same four structures. Note: this is evidence for evolution.

  4. Carbohydrates • Main Function – main source of energy (and structure in plants) • Monomer – Monosaccharide sugar • Polymer – polysaccharide starch • Chemical Test – Benedict’s reagent (sugar); Iodine (starch)

  5. Examples of Carbohydrates

  6. Examples of Carbohydrates

  7. Lipids (fats) • Main Function – store extra energy, waterproof, insulate • Monomer/Polymer – None. Each type has a unique structure. • Chemical Test –Sudan Red

  8. Lipid Examples

  9. Lipid Examples

  10. Proteins • Main Function – Almost everything from digestion (enzymes) to structure (muscles) • Monomer – amino acids (20 different kinds) • Polymer - polypeptide chain (of amino acids) that folds into a final protein • Chemical Test – Biuret’s reagent

  11. Protein Example

  12. Protein Example

  13. Protein Example

  14. Protein Example

  15. Protein Example

  16. Nucleic Acids (DNA or RNA) • Monomer – Nucleotides • Polymer – Nucleic Acid (DNA/RNA) • Main Function – genetic instructions • Chemical Test – No test

  17. Nucleic Acid Examples

  18. Nucleic Acid Examples

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