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GLOBAL POPULATION

This study examines the dynamics and distribution of the global population, focusing on factors influencing these patterns. Key concepts such as population size, characteristics, and density are explored, along with demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The analysis covers world population trends, factors affecting population dynamics, and the distribution of population in different regions, with a spotlight on Africa and Tanzania. Various factors influencing population distribution, such as environmental factors, socio-economic development levels, and cultural influences, are discussed. The study also includes an exercise to analyze global population dynamics and distribution trends.

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GLOBAL POPULATION

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  1. GLOBAL POPULATION DYNAMICS, DISTRIBUTION & DENSITY Dr. J. Kivelia Department of Geography UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

  2. Outline • Introduction: Population and its related concepts • World population dynamics & distribution • Factors influencing population dynamics & distribution • Population dynamics and density: • in Africa • In Tanzania

  3. 1. Population and its related concepts • Key concepts • Population – size, characteristics • Pop dynamics - change • Pop distribution - static & dynamic • Density - No. of persons per unit of land (sq. Km)

  4. Population • Number of people in a given area • Demographic x’tics – size, age/sex composition, vital rates (births, deaths, migration), growth rate • Socio-econ. & cultural x’tics – Quality (skills, health, affluence) occupations, marriage patterns, reproductive behavior, etc.

  5. Population concepts • Population Dynamics: • Change in size, age-sex composition, vital rates (death, birth & migration rates), rural-urban levels, density, etc. • Growth rate – rate of increase per annum, a function of vital rates (births, deaths & migration) • Population momentum – in-built momentum of growth due to age structure rather than growth rates

  6. Population dynamics (cont’d) • Population dynamics – a function of: • Population growth rate due to vital rates • Births & deaths, i.e. natural increase • In-migration & out-migration, i.e. net migration • Population structure, i.e. an in-built momentum for growth due to age structure (not fertility rate)

  7. Population Distribution • Population distribution • Static distribution: variations in density • Dynamic distribution: variations in demographic x’tics, esp. in vital rates (fertility, mortality, migration, growth rates, etc.)

  8. 2. World Population Dynamics & Distribution Table 1: World Population – Distribution of Population indicators, 2012

  9. 3. Factors influencing pop’n distribution • Spatial (static) distribution • Environmental factors, (e.g. topography, water availability, climate, soils, etc.) • Resources endowment (e.g. minerals, vegetation cover, fishing grounds), etc. • Dynamic distribution • Levels of socio-economic dev’t (DCs viz. LDCs) • Social-cultural factors (marriages, occupation, education, contraceptive prevalence, culture, etc.) • Rural-urban locations • Levels of Wealth/Poverty (Affluence)

  10. Exercise 1 • Fill the missing data in Table 1 • Using Table 1 above, describe the variations in global population dynamics and distribution • Discuss the factors that may have influenced the observed world population dynamics and distribution • Describe population dynamics and distribution (density) in Tanzania

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