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Comprehensive Guide to Effective Communication Skills

Enhance your communication skills with this comprehensive guide covering various aspects of effective communication. Learn verbal and non-verbal techniques for better interactions. Perfect for personal or professional development.

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Comprehensive Guide to Effective Communication Skills

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  1. Mk0 jkekJ; flag ofj"B lgk;d izksQslj fgUnh foHkkx egkRek xka/kh dk'kh fo|kihB okjk.klh eks0 9005034360 izlkn dk pk.kD; HkkjrsUnq us fgUnh ukVd dks tUe fn;kA izlkn us mls ,d u;h fn'kk fn;kA fgUnh lkfgR; esa tkxj.k dh lkaLd`frd psruk dh jk"Vªh; Hkkouk dh] d:.kk vkSj izse dh] mnkÙk ekuoh; Hkkouk dh] lkFk gh lkFk vkn'kksZa dh ygj iSnk dj nhA ;gh dkj.k gS fd izlkn ds ukVd fganh lkfgR; esa ,d u;k v/;k; [kksyrs gSaA ^^pUnzxqIr^^ uUn oa'k ds i;kZolku vkSj ekS;Z oa'k ds 'kq:vkr dk ukVd gSA ukVd ds ewy eas pUnzxqIr vkSj pk.kD; gSaA fo'ks"kdj izlkn dk pk.kD; vius vki esa fof'k"V gSA izlkn ds pk.kD; dh rqyuk eqnzkjk{kl ,oa f}tsUnz yky jk; ds ukVd ls djsa rks ge ikrs gSa fd eqnzkjk{kl dk pk.kD; ân;ghu vkSj drZO; fu"B czkã.k gSA jk; ckcw dk pk.kD; jktlq[k dks R;kxdj fody gS ,oa O;fDrxr }s"k ls tyk gqvk gSA mlesa lHkh rjg dh cqjkbZ;kW feyrh gSA ysfdu vUr esa i'pkrki vo'; djrk gSA tcfd izlkn dk pk.kD; Hkh dBksj gS] og flf) ns[krk gSA lk/ku pkgs dqN Hkh gksA rc Hkh mlesa ekuo lqyHk nqoZyrkisa gSA ekuo tU; izse lqdkseyrk gSA1

  2. izlkn dk pk.kD; egkurk dh mlh lh<+h tc p<+rk gS rc] lqokfluh ds izfr mldk izse Hkko vkRela;e vkSj R;kx esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA oLrqr% ;g izse ds Åij czkã.kRo dh fot; gSA mlds lkeus czkã.k dk vkn'kZ gS&^^ es?k ds leku eqDr o"kkZ lk thou&nku] lw;Z leku] vck/k vkyksd fodh.kZ djuk] lkxj ds leku dkeukA ufn;ksa dks ipkrs gq, lhek ds ckgj u tkukA2 mldh fu"Bqjrk esa Hkh rkdr gSA og Øwj gSA dsoy orZeku ds fy,A Hkfo"; ds lq[k vkSj 'kkfUr ds fy,A ifj.kke ds fy, ughaA blh izdkj folk[knRr dk pUnzxqIr pk.kD; dh dBiqryh tSlk gS] mldk viuk Lora= O;fDrRo gS gh ughaA izlkn dk pk.kD; ohj] ijkØeh] LokyEch] jktuhfr] dwV uhfr dk fo'ks"kK gSA pUnzxqIr dks {kf=;&oa'kh izekf.kr djds Hkh izlkn us ,sfrgklfldrk dh j{kk dh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ukV~;kfHkO;fDr dk ek/;e cukdj 'kk'or ekuothouds Lo:i esa pk.kD; dks fn[kk;k gSA pk.kD; ds ek/;e ls ;qx leL;kvksa dk gy fn;s gSaA izlkn dk pk.kD; orZeku ds va/kdkj esa ,d T;ksfr gSA pk.kD; ds pfj= dks jk"Vªh;rk ds lkFk tksM+dj fo'o izse dk lans'k fn;k gSA tgk¡ czkã.k vkSj ckS) ds vHksn dh ckr dgh tkrh gS] ogk¡ fgUnw&eqfLye ,drk dk ladsr gSA tgk¡ ekuo vkSj ex/k dks Hkwydj dsoy vk;kZorZ dk uke ysus dh ckr gS] ogkW izkUrh;rk dks Hkwydj v[k.M Hkkjr ds fgr dh Hkkouk dh >yd gS^^A vUUk ij vf/kdkj gSA Hkw[kksa dk Hkkstu ij vf/kdkj gSA lkFk gh ns'k izse dk ;g okD; vkt ds lektoknh fopkjksa dk |ksrd gSA uUn ds }kjk viekfur gksus ij pk.kD; }kjk uUnoa'k dks lewy u"V djus dh izfrKk ] pk.kD; dh ckyd pUnzxqIr ls HksV] pk.kD; }kjk pUnzxqIr dks r{kf'kyk ys tkuk] tgk¡ ,sfrgkfld :i ls izekf.kr gSA iatkc esa pk.kD; vkSj pUnzxqIr dh fldUnj ls eqykdkr] vEHkhd dk ns'kizse dk jl] vkSj fldUnj dk ;q)] ekyoksa }kjk fldUnj dks pqukSrh] ex/k lkezkT; dk xzhdksa ls Hk;] vkSj fldUnj dh okilh] Hkh bfrgkl lEer gSA blds vkykok pk.kD; dh dwV uhfr vkSj pUnzxqIr ds 'kkS;Z ls uUnksa dk lewy mUewyu pUnzxqIr dk jkT;kfHk"ksd] flY;wdl dk vkdze.k] pk.kD; vkSj pUnzxqIr dh j.kuhfr] xzhdksa dh gkj] lsY;qdl ls laf/k] dkusZfy;k vkSj pUnzxqIr dk ifj.kke rnqijkUr pUnzxqIr }kjk fo'kky ekS;Z lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk esa ,d ,d rF; bfrgkl fl) ,oa cgqJqr rF; gSA ftudk dykRed mi;ksx ukV~; l`f"V esa izlkn us fd;kA3

  3. pUnzxqIr ukVd ds r`rh; vad esa pk.kD; dh cqf) ,oa uhfr dk fnXn'kZu gksrk gSAjk{kl pk.kD; dh cqf) ls izHkkfor gksrk gSA ioZrs'oj vkRegR;k djuk pkgrk gSA pk.kD; mls cpkrk gS] vkSj ns'k fgr ds fy, dk;Zdjus dh izsj.kk nsrk gSA fldUnj dh fonkbZ gksrh gSA tks Hkkjrh;rk ls izHkkfor fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA jk{kl dh vaxqyh; eqnzk izkIr djds pk.kD; mls nwj djuk pkgrk gSA pUnzxqIr fQfyIl dks gjkrk gSA dkeqd UkUn ds gkFkksa ls lqokfluh dh jk{kl }kjk eqfDRk gksrh gSA pk.kD; dqlqeiqj esa fonzksg HkM+dkrk gSA uUn ij vfHk;ksx yxk;s tkrs gSaA bl izdkj izlkn dk pk.kD; ijk/khu ns'k dh eqfDr dhbPNk vkSj la?k"kZ djus dh bPNk 'kfDr gSA ,slh bPNk 'kfDr tks vnE; gS] vHksn gSa lkFk gh izsj.kk lzksr Hkh gSA tks dFkkud dh ewy laosnuk ls tqM+rh gSA pk.kD; dk y{; ;fn v[k.M vk;kZorZ gS] rks og mls izkIr djrk gS] Hkys gh Øwj uhfr ds dkj.k LkEHko gks ik;k gSA ;g j.kuhfr] dwVuhfr] jktuhfrd] Ny] iziap] ds chp ls de mldh fu"Bk ,oa lks n`s';rk ls vf/kd izHkkfor gSA izlkn viuh ltZukRed 'kfDr ls ,sls ik=ksa esa Hkh ,sls Hkko Hkj nsrs gSA ftlesa og mifLFkr ugha gSa& tSls&nks fojks/kh fLFkfr;ksa ds chp }U} dh fLFkfr cjkcj curh gS] viuh la?k"kZ psruk ds dkj.kgh pk.kD; viekufr gksrk gSA fojks/kh 'kfDr;ksa dks lkFk ykrk gSA mlds eu es }U} pyrk jgrk gSA og dgrk gS&,d ckj pyw¡ uUn ls dgw¡A ugha! ijUrq esjh o`fRr] ogh fey tk;A eS 'kkL= O;olk;h ugha jgwxk¡ eS d`"kd cuw¡xkA4 pk.kD; dk pfj= izlkn dh loksZRre l`f"V gSA bruk l'kDr O;fDrRo] Ì.k bPNk 'kfDr ] vnE; mRlkg rFkk izk.kDRkk vU;= ugha feysxhA czkã.kRo ds dkj.k vkykspd dqN rstgr dj fn;k gSA PkUnzxqIr ds 'kCnksa esa og vk;ZlezkT; dk fuekZ.k drkZ gSA mldk czkã.kRo jk"Vª dh 'kqHkfpUrk esa fufgr gSA ns'k ds dY;k.k ds fy, vfUre [k.M jkT;ksa dks feVkdj] og ,d yksdfiz;] 'kfDr'kkyh dsUnzh; jkT; lRrk dh LFkkiuk djuk pkgrk FkkA fldUnj vkdzked ds lEk{k ns'k esa ,drk dk lw= dh LFkkiuk pk.kD; dk lk/kkj.k O;fDrRo gh dj ldrk FkkA5 vieku rks mlds pfj= dh 'kksHkk FkhA flaggj.k dks ekyo vkSj ex/k dk Hksn feVkdj vk;ZorZ dk uke ysus dk mins'k nsukA r{kf'kyk ds xq:dqy esa ;kSouksa dh xfrfof/kds izfr tkx:d jgukA ioZrs'oj dks viuh vksj feykus dk miØe djuk] ekyoksa vkSj 'kwnzdksa dh fo[kjh 'kSU; 'kfDr;ksa dks pUnzxqIr ds lsukifrRo esa j[kuk] mldh dwVuhfrKrk vkSj vizfre izfrHkk vkSj fo'kky vk;kstu ds izek.k gSaA bu leLr vk;kstuksa ds ewy esa fonsf'k;ksa dks ns'k ls ckgj [knsM+uk vkSj ,d dsfUnz; O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk ,d flDds ds nks igyw gSA6

  4. pk.kD; ds fopkj lqy>s gq, es/kk vkSj vR;Ur rh{.k ,oa ets gq, gSaA foif{k;ksa ds fy, ;ejkt dh rjg Øwj vkSj funZ;h gSA mlds 'kCn dks'k esa vlEHko 'kCn dk dgha irk ugha gSA mldh izfrKk gS fd n;k fdlh ls u gh ekWxwxkA vf/kdkj feyus ij fdlh ij n;k u gh d:WxkA D;k dHkh ugh\ gk¡ gk¡ dHkh&fdlh ij ughaA eSa izy; ds leku vck/k xfr ls] vkSj dŸkZO; esa bUnz ds czt ds leku Hk;kud cuw¡xkA dqlqe dh rjg dksey vkSj laxhr dh rjg e/kqj ekyfodk dks cfyosnh ij p<+k nsuk pk.kD; tSl vnHkwr O;fDrRo dk gh dk;Z gSA pk.kD; dh dk;Z djus dh ,d 'kSyh gSA dk;Z dh iz[kjrk esa dksey Hkkoksa ds deyrUrq fNUUk&fHkUUk gks tkrs gSaA dkfuZfy;k dh vkUrfjd vfHkyk"kk dks vPNhrjg tkurk FkkA volj dh igpku FkhA xkSj djus dh ckr gS fd pk.kD; ds dadky esa tks fnO;&T;ksfr fn[kkbZ iM+rh gS] mldh ped ls pUnzxqIr ds ik=ksa dh vk¡[ks >i tkrh gSaA ikBd Hk; fefJr vk'p;Z ls mlds jgL;iw.kZ O;fDrRo dks ns[krs jg tkrs gSaA dÙkZO; dh dBksjrk ls r`Ir pk.kD; dk pfj= gesa mtkZ nsrk gSA cy nsrk gSA HkkX; dks deZokn esa fo'okl txkrk gSA pk.kD; ds izfr vknj]izfr"Bk vkfn mPPkHkko tkx`r gksrs gSaA lgkuqHkwfr ugha mRiUu gks ikrh gSA7 blds ihNs jkt fNik gSA og Lo;a lgkuqHkwfr ls ?k`.kk djrk gSA blls fl) gksrk gS fd pk.kD; dk pfj= fdruk fojkV gSA vkt ds ifjos'k esa lh[kus ds fy, yydkjrk gSA pk.kD; ds cgqr uke gSa& fo".kqxqIr] dkSfVY;] okRL;k;u] nzfey bR;kfn gSaA og ';keo.kZ dk dq:i iq:"k FkkA uUn us blhdkj.k Jk) ds le; mBk;kA pk.kD; tSu /kekZoyEch FkkA uUn oa'k dks lewy u"V djus dh izfrKkdj pUnzxqIr dks Lokeh cuk;kA pk.kD; gh pUnzxqIr dh mUufr ds ewy gSA8 ;gk¡ rd yksxksa us fy[k Mkyk fd pUnxqIr dks Hkw[k yxh rks pk.kD; us ,d czkã.k ds isV ls xqqyxqys fudkydj f[kyk;sA mudh uhfr vuks[kh gksrh FkhA muesa vykSfdd {kerk FkhA uhfr'kkL+= ds eeZK FksA pUnzxqIr us Hkkjr dk lkezkT; LFkkfir djds ml ij jktfd;k&pk.kD; us fy[kk gS& ;us 'kL+=a p 'kkL=p uUn jktkxrk p Hkw%A ve"ksZ.kksn~ /k`rk U;k'kq rsu 'kkL= fena d`reA9

  5. fo'o ds egku uhfrdkjksa esa egkiafMr pk.kD; dks ,d fo'ks"k LFkku izkIr gSA vkt dsoy Hkkjr esa gh ugha cfYd iwjs fo'o esa pk.kD; uhfr dh ppkZ gks jgh gSA bldk ;gha dkj.k gS fd ,d lk/kkj.k O;fDr us viuh cqf) dh 'kfDr ls gh uUn tSls nq"V jktk dk fouk'k djds pUnzxqIr tSls ohj dks lezkV cuk;kA ekS;Z oa'k dh uhao j[khA iafMr fo".kqxqIr ¼pk.kD;½ vkt iwjs fo'o esa pk.kD; iafMr ds uke ls izfl) gSaA izflf) dk eq[; dkj.k ftl uhfr dh 'kfDr ls ,d lk/kkj.k lSfud Hkkjr dk lezkV cu tk;s] ml uhfr dks lcls lQy ekuk tk;sxkA10 ;g 325 bZlk iwoZ dh ckr gSA ml le; Hkkjr ij lezkV pUnzxqIr dk 'kklu FkkA ogh le; pk.kD; dk Hkh FkkA pk.kD; i.kZ dqVh esa jgrk FkkA Qkg~;ku dks cM+k vk'p;Z gqvkA iwNk iz/kku ea=h ,slh >ksiM+h esa jgk gS\ tokc essa pk.kD; us cM+h ckr dgh ftl ns'k dk iz/kku ea=h lk/kkj.k dqfV;k esa jgrk gks] ogk¡ ds fuoklh HkO; Hkouksa esa fuokl fd;k djrs gSaA ftl ns'k dk iz/kkuea=h Å¡ps egyksa esa jgrk gks] ogk¡ dh vke turk rks >ksifM+;ksa esa gh jgsxh\ vkt ds fo[kf.Mr ekufldrk ds yksxksa ds fy, cgqr cM+k lans'k gSA izlkn th dk pk.kD; >ksiM+h esa jgdj ;g lkfcr djkuk pkgrk gS fd Kku ds fy, dskbZ egy] HkkSfrd oknh lEiurk] oSHko dh t:jr ugha gSA t:jr gS lgh le; ij lgh Kku dkA fdruk cM+k jgL; fNik gSA bl izalx ls ckr Li"V gks tkrh gS & ;g ,d ydM+h dk LrEHk vHkh mlh >ksiM+h dk [kM+k gSA blds lkFk esjs ckY;dky dh lnL;ksa Hkk¡ofj;kW fyiVh gqbZ gSaA ftu ij esjh /koy e/kqj g¡lh dk vkoj.k p<+k jgrk FkkA 'kS'ko dh fLuX/k Le`fr! foyhu gks tk11A bl izdkj egkiafMr pk.kD; us vkt ds 'kkldkas ds eq¡g ij gtkjksa o"kZ iwoZ gh djkjk rekpk ekjk FkkA og ns'k egku D;ksa u gksxk] ftldk iz/kkuea=h bruk bZekunkj gksA dk'k vkt ds usrkx.k pk.kD; ls dqN lh[k ldsaA eSa rks ykpkj gksdj fy[k jgk gw¡ fd ugha fl[ksaxs]\ ugh lq/kjsxsa\ lh[ksaxs rks eky] eYVhLVksjh fcfYMax] cuk;saxsA vkt ds le; esa ;g dgkor pfj=kFkZ gksrh gS&ns'k egku fQj Hkh ge fdrus csbZekuA

  6. pk.kD; dk tUe LFkku mldh r{kkf'kyk fo'ofo|ky; esa gksu ds dkj.k iatkc gh gS c¡Vokjs ds i'pkr ikfdLrku esa gSA tsgyqe unh ds fdukjs cls r{kf'kyk 'kgj esa bfrgkl ds [kaMgj vc Hkh ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA vkt Hkh pk.kD; dh ;knsa] mldh uhfr ds :i esa gesa utj vkrh gaSA pk.kD; vius uhfr lkfgR; ds dkj.k vej gSA tc rd ;g lalkj gaS] rc rd yksx pk.kD; dks ugha HkwysxsA czkã.k ds ikl dksbZ gfFk;kj ugha gksrk] exj mldk izpaM Øks/k tc izdV gksrk gS] rks cM+s ls cM+ksa dks Hkh uk'k dj nsrh gSA mldk 'kki dbZ dqyksa dks u"V dj nsrk gSA mldh cqf) dh 'kfDr ls cM+s&cM+s cgknqj jktk Hkh /kwy pkVus ij etcwj gks tkrs gSaA pk.kD; izfrKk ls ckr lkQ gks tkrh gS&eSa bl jktk dk uk'k djds jgw¡xkA tc rd vius bl vieku dk cnyk u ysyw¡ rc rd eaS pSu ls ugha cSBw¡xkA tc rd bl jktk dh ew[kZrk dk lcd bldks u fl[kk nw¡xkA rc rd cky ugha ck/kw¡xkA12 bfrgkl bl ckr dk lk{kh gS fd izkphu dky ls gh gekjs jktk&egjktk vkil esa ;q) djrs vk;s gSaA tjk&tjk lh ckr ij vkil esa yM+ iM+Ukk fQj ,d& nwljs ds nss'k ij vkØe.k dj nsukA vkØe.k esa nksuksa vksj ds gtkjksa lSfud viuh tku ls gkFk /kks cSBrs FksA vUr esa laf/k dj ysrsA gkjus okyk jktk thrus okys jktk dh lkjh 'krsZ ekuus ij etcwj gksrkA ;gk¡ xkSj djus dh ckr gS&eSa czkâe.k rks gw¡] exj deZdk.Mh czkâe.k ugha gwW¡A eSa bu dq'kkvksa dh lhap ugha jgk] cfYd budk lewy uk'k dj jgk gw¡A budh tM+ks esa eV~Bk Mky jgk gw¡A bl eV~Bs ls ;g dHkh Hkh iui ugha ldsaxhA13 fQj pk.kD; mRrj Hkh nsrk gS&bl lalkj esa gj dke cnys esa ikus ds fy, ugha fd;k tkrk gSA dqN dk;Z ,sls Hkh gaS] ftlls ekuo tkfr dh HkykbZ gksrh gSA vius fy, rks lc thrs gaSA ;fn nwljksa dh HkykbZ ds fy, FkksM+k lk&Hkh djsa rks fdruk vPNk gksA blls gekjh vkRek Hkh izlUu gksxh] vkSj nwljksa dk Hkh Hkyk gksxkA ;gha esjs 'kks/k dk lkj gSA izlkn dk pk.kD; vius izfrKk esa lQy gksrk gSaA jktk uUn dk flj dkVdj Qsad fn;k x;kA pUnzxqIr Hkkjr lezkV cuk] vkSj fo".kqxqIr 'kekZ egkiafMr pk.kD; cudj fo'o bfrgkl esa vej gksdj gesa ns x;k ;g^^ pk.kD; uhfr^^A l'kDr O;fDr;ksa ls Vdjkrk gqvk mldk nqcZy O;fDr xsan dh rjg b/kj ls m/kj dHkh m/kj ls b/kj Vdjkrk fQjrk gS] fQj Hkh ^^pk.kD; uhfr** dh dksbZ tksM+ ugha cstksM+ gSA vkus okys fnuksa esa pk.kD; dh fdruh mi;ksfxrk gSA le; crk;sxkA esjh jk; gS fd vkt ds pquko esa mRRkj izns'k ds pquko esa Li"V cgqer esa pk.kD; uhfra dh Hkwfedk vge gS dgha u dgha vo'; ifjyf{kr gksrh gqbZ tku iM+rh gS\

  7. lanHkZ & • 1- fxfj'k jLrksxh& fganh ukVd dk vkRe la/k"kZ] i`0 30 • 2- t;'kadj izlkn& pUnzxqIr&i`0 140 • 3- fxfj'k jLrksxh& fganh ukVd dk vkRela?k"kZ] i`0 34 • 4- t;'kadj izlkn&pUnzxqIr i`0 50 • 5- izlkn% ukVd dh ubZ fn'kk&fagnhukVd&cPpu flag i`0 66&67 • 6- ogh i`0 66 • 7- ogh 66 • 8- t;'kadj izlkn&pUnzxqIr&i`0 379 • 9- t;'kadj izlkn dk'kh la0 1966 i`0 38 • 10- ujsUnz 'kekZ :ikarjdkj& pk.kD; uhfr i`0 5 • 11- t;'kadj izlkn& pUnzxqIr i`0 50&5 • 12- ujsUnz 'kekZ&:iakrjdkj pk.kD; dh izfrKk i`0 8 • 13- ogh- i`0 9

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