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Afghanistan

Afghanistan. Middle Eastern Studies. History. Afghanistan is the crossroads between Central, West and South Asia 1 st area to domesticate animals 1 st true urban centers in Asia were in Afghanistan Mundigak (near Khandahar ) and Deh Morasi Ghundai Wheat Barley Sheep Goats.

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Afghanistan

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  1. Afghanistan Middle Eastern Studies

  2. History • Afghanistan is the crossroads between Central, West and South Asia • 1st area to domesticate animals • 1st true urban centers in Asia were in Afghanistan • Mundigak (near Khandahar) and DehMorasiGhundai • Wheat • Barley • Sheep • Goats

  3. Kabul was established between 2000-1500 bce • Zoroastrianism (monotheistic religion) was introduced about 628 bce • Persians conquered Afghans by 330 bce but tribes continued bloody revolts • By 326 bce, it had been conquered by Alexander the Great, but he couldn’t quell the bloody revolts either

  4. After Alexander the Great… • Buddhism was introduced during the Kushan dynasty • Capital was Peshawar • Soon became part of the Selucid Empire • 120 bce – Kushan Empire • King Kanishka was first to give Buddha a face

  5. 400 ce – the White Huns invaded and left Afghanistan in ruins • 425 ce – the Yaftalee Dynasty took over

  6. 530 ce – Persians took over again

  7. 652 ce – Arabs introduced Islam • 962 ce – Ghazavid Dynasty took over • Mahmud – made Islam the main religion • Afghanistan was the center of Islamic power and civilization at that time • 1219-1221 ce – Mongol Invasion – Genghis Khan • 1273 ce – Marco Polo crossed Afghanistan on his way to the far East • 1504-1519 – Moghul Dynasty • Babur Shah took control of Kabul • Used Kabul as his base for conquering India

  8. 1708 ce – MirwaisNika made Khandahar independent of Persia. He’s considered the father of Afghan independence

  9. 1736 – Persia took over most of Afghanistan again • 1747-1773 – Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of today’s Afghanistan took over. He was a military giant and a humanitarian. Beginning of the Durrani Empire

  10. 1793 – capital moved from Khandahar to Kabul • Fighting lasted until 1826 • 1826-1839 – Dost Mohammad Khan took over • Britain and Russia fought for control/influence in Central Asia • Britain wanted control over northern routes to India • Tried to oust Dost • Caused 1st Afghan War

  11. 1842-1844 – Akbar Khan – hero – defeated the British. Very revered in Afghan history – portion of Kabul is named after him

  12. 1857 – Dost signed an alliance with the British • 1859 – British take Baluchistan causing Afghanistan to be land-locked • 1865 – Russia conquered Bukhara, Tashkent and Samerkand • 1873 – Russian set fixed boundary with Afghanistan • 1878 – British invaded again but Afghanistan held them off • 1879 – Amir Muhammedyaqub Khan gave territories to Brits – never to bet them back • Kabul went under British occupation

  13. 1880-1901 Afghanistan supported the British against Russia • 1893 – Durand Line fixed borders with Afghanistan and British India • 1919 – Russia and Great Britain in Convention of St. Petersburg set territorial integrity of Afghanistan • Late 1920’s, early 1930’s there was a lot of in-fighting in Afghanistan

  14. 1933 – at 19 years old, Zahir Shah took over as ruler of Afghanistan until 1973 • Declared Afghanistan neutral during WWII • 1973 – his cousin, Daoud Khan overthrew Zahir Shah calls himself President – established Republic of Afghanistan • 1978-29 – Bloody Coup – Daoud was killed • Guerilla movement Mujahideen was born • 1979 – Russia invaded Afghanistan • Guerillas gave them fits!

  15. 1989 – Russia withdrew, defeated • 1990s – Mujahideen fighting with Afghanistan gov’t. Islamic state was declared • 1994 – Taliban militia was born. Fought Islamic gov’t and reduced Kabul to rubble • Oct. 2001 – U.S. Invaded • Taliban • Osama Bin Laden • 2005 Afghanistan gov’t is still getting better.

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