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Phylum Porifera - Sponges

Phylum Porifera - Sponges. Among the most ancient animals Mostly marine but some fresh water Porifera - literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate because they have tiny openings all over their body Once thought to be plants because they are sessile . What are Sponges?.

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Phylum Porifera - Sponges

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  1. Phylum Porifera-Sponges

  2. Among the most ancient animals • Mostly marine but some fresh water • Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate because they have tiny openings all over their body • Once thought to be plants because they are sessile

  3. What are Sponges? • Multicellular, heterotrophic animals • They are very different from other animals • Scientist believe that the evolutionary line that lead to sponges is a dead end and produced no other animals

  4. Phylum Porifera – Internal Structures Porocytes = pore cells Choanocyte = collar cell Spongocoel = central cavity Mesohyl = jelly-like inner layer

  5. 1. Body Symmetry • Asymetrical (no symmetry)

  6. 2. Level of body organization • Cellular- assemblage of specialized cells • No tissues • No organs

  7. 3. Body Cavities/ Coeloms • Nothing that resembles a mouth or gut

  8. Feeding • Filter feeders – microscopic particles stick to collar cells and engulfed by endocytosis • Then passed on to amebocytes where it is digested and moved on to other parts of the cell

  9. Respiration • Water that flows through the sponge allows it to absorb oxygen and release CO2 into the water

  10. Internal Transport • Mostly done by the water that is filtered through sponges • Amebocytes

  11. Excretion • Metabolic waste is also carried away by the water that is moved through the sponge

  12. Response • No nerve system • Do not respond to stimuli

  13. Movement • Sessile • Attached to the substrate

  14. Reproduction • Reproduce asexually and sexually • Formation of gemmules

  15. Asexual • Reproduce by budding (really it is fragmentation) - part of the sponge simply falls off the parent and grows into a new sponge

  16. Gemmule Formation • When faced with cold winters gemmules are formed • Sphere shaped collections of amebocytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules that can survive cold temperatures and drought • Reform into a sponge when conditions are favourable

  17. Sexual • Sperm are released into the water via the osculum • Amebocytes collect the incoming sperm and deliver it to the eggs in the body wall • Creates a zygote • Develops into a larvae that swims and is carried away by water • Later settle down and create a new sponge

  18. Boring Sponges • Clean up the ocean floor

  19. Symbiotic relationships • Blue-green algae • Plant like protists • Provide oxygen to the sponge and clean up waste

  20. Human Use • Cleaned dried sponges can be used for bathing • A compound in a Caribbean sponge may be useful against leukemia and the herpes virus • May be the answer to powerful antibiotics • Can possibly fight against certain forms of arthritis

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