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Scientific Method and Processes in Biology

Understand the scientific method in biology, from observations to conclusions, including forming hypotheses, designing experiments, and analyzing data. Learn about honesty and bias prevention in science communication.

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Scientific Method and Processes in Biology

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  1. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Objectives • Outlinethe main steps in the scientific method. • Summarizehow observations are used to form hypotheses. • Listthe elements of a controlled experiment. • Describehow scientists use data to draw conclusions. • Comparea scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory. • Statehow communication in science helps prevent dishonesty and bias.

  2. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Scientific Processes: DR. HERC • Define the problem • Research the topic • Hypothesize & make predictions • Experiment to confirm or disaffirm your hypothesis and predictions • Record data from your experiment • Conclude your problem

  3. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Scientific Method Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

  4. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Observing and Asking Questions • The process of science begins with an observation. • An observation is the act of perceiving a natural occurrence that causes someone to define a problem.

  5. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Forming a Hypothesis • A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions. • Predicting • To test a hypothesis, scientists make a prediction that logically follows from the hypothesis.

  6. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Designing an Experiment • Performing the Experiment • A controlled experiment compares an experimental group and a control group and only has one variable.

  7. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Controlled Experiment and Variable Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

  8. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Designing an Experiment, continued • Performing the Experiment • The control group provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group. • The experimental group is identical to the control group except for one factor.

  9. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Designing an Experiment, continued • Performing the Experiment • The experimenter manipulates theindependent variable. • The experimenter measures the dependent variable because it is is affected by the independent variable.

  10. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Independent and Dependent Variables Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

  11. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Collecting and Analyzing Data • Analyzing and Comparing Data • Scientists analyze data to draw conclusions about the experiment performed.

  12. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Drawing Conclusions • Making Inferences • An inference is a conclusion made on the basis of facts and previous knowledge rather than on direct observations.

  13. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Constructing a Theory • A theory is a set of related hypotheses confirmed to be true many times, and it can explain a great amount of data.

  14. Section 3 The Study of Biology Chapter 1 Honesty and Bias • Communication between scientists about their methods and results helps prevent dishonesty and bias in science.

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