JOINTS AND MOVEMENT

1. JOINTS AND MOVEMENT

2. INTRO Every single muscle is attached to the bone at a minimum of 2 points on opposite sides of a joint When a muscle contracts, these 2 points pull closer together, and cause movement at the joint Our anatomical position is the position in which we stand naturally. Movements can occur towards or away from this position. The amount of movement at a joint depends on the structure of it and the attached muscles. We will now look at the movements you need to be aware of for As Level PE

3. INTRO For every movement we are given, we must be able to� Name the joints at which this movement can occur Demonstrate the movement when asked Give a sporting example of that movement Eventually�name the muscles which cause that movement

4. FLEXION AND EXTENSION Flexion � when the bones are pulled closer together i.e. the joint bends Extension � the joint is straightened or extended, i.e. the bones are pulled further apart

5. FLEXION AND EXTENSION Flexion and extension can occur in the� Wrist Elbow Shoulder Spine Hip Knee Identify a sporting movement for flexion and extension of each of these 12 movements

6. HORIZONTAL FLEXION AND EXTENSION Movements of ball and socket joints Horizontal flexion � when the shoulder is already flexed and the arm is parallel to the ground, the shoulder joint is moved towards the middle of the body Horizontal extension � when the shoulder is already flexed and the arm is parallel to the ground, the shoulder joint is moved away from middle of the body. Horizontal flexion and extension occur at the shoulder joint. Give a sporting example of each movement

7. ABDUCTION AND ADDUCTION Abduction - when you move a body part away from the midline of the body Adduction � when you move a body part towards the midline of the body (or add to the body) Generally these movements occur at� The shoulder The hip The wrist

8. ABDUCTION AND ADDUCTION Identify 4 different sporting movements for abduction and adduction at the shoulder and the hip

9. ROTATION A body part turns around its long axis from the anatomical position, i.e. like turning a screwdriver. If you were turning a screwdriver, rotation would be occurring at the shoulder joint. Rotation has no opposite movement as such� MEDIAL Rotation � rotation towards the body LATERAL Rotation � rotation away from the body Rotation can occur at the� radio-ulnar joint Shoulder Spine hip

10. ROTATION Work with a partner to identify rotation at the shoulder, spine and hip Identify a sporting movement for these 3 rotations, and identify whether it is medial or lateral rotation.

11. PRONATION AND SUPINATION Can only occur at the radio-ulnar joint Are separate terms to describe medial and lateral rotation of the forearm. Pronation � the radio-ulnar joint is rotated in (medial) so that the palm faces the floor Supination � the radio-ulnar joint is rotated out (lateral) so the palm faces the sky

12. PRONATION AND SUPINATION Identify pronation and supination at the radio-ulnar joint Give a sporting example for each of the 2 movements

13. CIRCUMDUCTION Makes a body part move away from the anatomical position, moving in a cone shape The joint remains still whilst the furthest point away from it moves in a circle Circumduction can occur at� The wrist The shoulder The hip

14. DORSI FLEXION AND PLANTAR FLEXION Anatomical terms unique to the ankle joint Dorsiflexion � foot moves down towards the shin Plantar flexion - foot moves away from the shin (point toes) Identify a sporting example for each movement

15. REVISION TABLE

16. COMPLETE TABLE Each � is a piece of info you need to revise!!!