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Pansystemic Diseases

Pansystemic Diseases. DeeDee Schumacher CVT, VTS (ECC ) & Jeannie Stall, R.V.T. Credits: Alleice Summers Clip Art /Google images. Pansystemic Disease. Involve multiple body systems in addition to the primary target organ. Causes Viral Bacterial Parasitic. Canine Distemper.

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Pansystemic Diseases

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  1. Pansystemic Diseases DeeDee Schumacher CVT, VTS (ECC) & Jeannie Stall, R.V.T. Credits: Alleice Summers Clip Art /Google images

  2. Pansystemic Disease • Involve multiple body systems in addition to the primary target organ. • Causes • Viral • Bacterial • Parasitic

  3. Canine Distemper Dogs & other carnivores Transmission : Via aerosolized body secretions Highly contagious / Fairly easy to kill Many strains of the virus Causes immunosuppression then secondary infections Treatment : None, just supportive therapy

  4. Canine Distemper • Clinical Signs • Fever • Cough • Nasal & ocular discharge • Pneumonia • Vomiting • Diarrhea • Dehydration • Seizures • Ataxia

  5. Canine Distemper Vaccine only prevention Prognosis guarded - (esp. if neuro problems present) Neuro issues can present weeks - yrs post infection

  6. Canine Distemper

  7. Canine Parvovirus Very resistant virus - can survive for yrs. in environment Via fecal-oral transmission Invades rapidly dividing cells : • Lymph system • GI tract • Bone marrow Black & tan breeds more susceptible

  8. Canine Parvovirus • Clinical signs • Lethargy • Anorexia • Vomiting • Bloody diarrhea • Fever • Dehydration • Death

  9. Canine Parvovirus Vaccine only prevention Keep puppies isolated until final vaccine: Avoid visits to dog parks, pet stores…… Trt: Supportive treatment only Infected animals require isolation ward: Step in/step out pans Protective gowns

  10. Canine Parvovirus

  11. Rickettsioses Small, Gram - , Obligate, intracellular bacteria • Dogs • Rickettsiae • Ehrlichiae

  12. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever • Rickettsii Induces vascular endothelial injury • Inflammation • Necrosis • Increased vascular permeability Ticks: • Dermacentorvariabilis • Dermacentroadersoni

  13. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever • Clinical signs • Edema • Hypotension • Shock • Arrhythmias • Seizures • Coma • ARF Dx: Direct immunofluorescent test in skin/ tissue Hxof tick exposure

  14. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Tx : Rx Tetracycline Doxycycline

  15. Ehrlichia Ehrlichiacanis via tick: Rhipicephalussanguineus Disease Acute: 2-4 weeks Organism multiplies and is transported to other organs Subclinical 6-9 weeks after infection +/- signs Chronic Bone marrow suppression

  16. Ehrlichia Clinical signs : • Anemia • Depression • Anorexia • Fever • Dyspnea • CNS signs • Bleeding tendencies Dx : Positive indirect immunoflorescent antibody test Tx: Rx Tetracycline or Doxyclicline Supportive care

  17. Ehrlichia

  18. Lyme ( Borreliosis ) Borreliaburgdorferi via tick: Ixodes sp./ Requires attachment for 48 hours Symptoms: Fever Anorexia Lameness Dx : Via + ELISA test

  19. Lyme Tx : Rx Doxyclycline but not always effective….. Anti-inflammatory meds Vx: Endemic areas & dog’s “life-style” due to tick exposure: Hunting , timber walks, camping

  20. Rabies All warm blooded animals Viral- induced neurologic dz. Hosts: Raccoons / Skunks / Bats / Foxes / Coyotes Transmission : Saliva via mucous membranes, bites, open wounds

  21. Rabies Incubation time : 3-8 weeks (from exposure to symptoms) Enters nerve endings @ bite /wound, ascends the nerve to the brain, where it multiplies then travels along nerves to salivary glands & enters saliva

  22. Rabies 3 stages: Prodromal Changes in behavior ie: “Friendly” wild animals Fearful Excitative (furious) Hyperactive/aggressive Dazed stupor = “Dumb “ form of rabies Paralytic Ascending hind limb paralysis progesses to resp. failure & death

  23. Rabies No cure ***ZOONOTIC*** Clin. signs: Behavior changes Difficulty swallowing Hypersalivation Ataxia Depression/stupor

  24. Rabies Dx. : Postmortem exam of brain only Must include brain stem / Not frozen tissues Vx’d pet exposed = Re-vx. & watch for 90 days Unvaccinated animal exposed: Euthanasia or Strict isolation x 6 months Quarantine periods vary

  25. Rabies Virus

  26. Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (Feline Herpes Virus) Highly contagious upper respiratory virus Still prevalent inspite of available vaccines Transmission via : Aerosolization / Direct contact Virus not hardy -- Inactivated in environment within 18-24 hrs. Can shed virus up to 3 wks. after infection

  27. Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (Feline Herpes Virus) Clin. Signs: Sneezing Conjunctivitis Nasal discharge Fever Anorexia Depression Corneal ulcers

  28. Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (Feline Herpes Virus) Tx.: Supportive therapy Anorexic- (Can’t smell food so won’t eat) Antiviral therapy for ocular infections Vaccine best prevention People can transmit virus to other cats on clothes , etc…..

  29. Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis(Feline Herpes Virus)

  30. Feline Calicivirus Highly contagious upper resp. virus Ulcerative stomatitiscommon Hardy, resistant virus Disinfectants don’t kill readily & can live in environment for days Transmission : Direct contact with infected cats

  31. Feline Calicivirus Clin. signs : Fever Ocular & nasal discharge Mild conjunctivitis Oral ulcers Pneumonia In kittens, acute arthritis- a.k.a. “Limping kitten syndrome”

  32. Feline Calicivirus Trt: Supportive care only Vaccinations are the best prevention Clinical signs last ~ 5-7 days Oral ulcers last 7 days Anorexia a problem -- If cat can’t smell food, won’t eat food……….

  33. Feline Calicivirus

  34. Feline Distemper (Panleukopenia/parvo virus) Closely related to K-9 Parvovirus Transmission : Direct contact Contaminated environment Virus remains in environment for years Incubation period : 4 - 5 days Exposure to symptoms

  35. Feline Distemper (Panleukopenia/parvo virus) Clinical Signs: Fever Depression Vomiting Diarrhea Dehydration Anorexia Abortion

  36. Feline Distemper (Panleukopenia/parvo virus) Trt : Supportive therapy Force feed ( after vomiting is controlled ) Rx Broad-spectrum abx Post – virus “surviver” has lifelong immunity Vaccinations are best prevention

  37. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus “Feline AIDS “ ( lentivirus ) Intact males living outdoors ( “Mail” cat ) Transmission: Fighting / bite wounds Vaccine may cause cats to test positive

  38. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Clin. signs : History of recurrent illnesses Anorexia / Stomatitis / Chronic URI Diarrhea / Vomiting / Chronic fever

  39. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Keep infected cats indoors & stress-free Casual contact transmission unlikely No specific treatment / No human risk Vaccine available

  40. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

  41. Feline Leukemia Virus Retrovirus / Unstable in environment Transmission via close contact: Horizontal transmission – Sick cat to well cat Urine, saliva , tears, fighting, grooming, bowls, etc… Vertical– Poss. via parent?? Transplacental Transmammary - milk

  42. Feline Leukemia Virus ELISA test: Positive cats should be retested in 3-4 months May remain in good health for a long time Keep infected cats indoors: < stress < exposure to other dz. < transmission to others

  43. Feline Leukemia Virus Clin. signs : Fever / Anorexia / Wt. loss / Anemia Secondary infections / Vomiting Diarrhea / Abortion / Renal disease Neuroproblems

  44. Feline Leukemia Virus Isolate infected cats & reduce stress No treatment Vx. infected cats for other diseases

  45. Feline Leukemia Virus

  46. Feline Infectious Peritonitis Requires exposure to feline corona virus (virus mutates) Virus sheds intermittedly Inactivated in environment by disinfectants Issue for catteries / ++++ multi-cat homes Highly contagious !!! Transmission via : Feces / Urine / Saliva

  47. Feline Infectious Peritonitis Two forms of this dz.: “Wet “: 75% of cases Effusive form has perivasculitis Protein-rich fluid accumulation in chest/ abd. Faster progression of dz. than the dry form “Dry “: 45% of non-effusive cases have ocular & neuro problems

  48. Feline Infectious Peritonitis “Wet” form clinical signs : Ascites Pleural effusion Anorexia Depression Weight loss Dehydration

  49. Feline Infectious Peritonitis “Dry” form clin. signs: Fever (unknown origin) Anorexia Depression Weight loss Ocular lesions Neurosigns

  50. Feline Infectious Peritonitis Trt: Supportive care Aspirate fluids / Rx Steroids daily Rx Broad spectrum abx Prevention is best : Isolate infected cats Don’t breed infected queens !!! + / - Vaccinate negative cats ?? ( Vx. only effective when given to cat not prev. exposed to feline coronavirus)

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