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Exploration and Expansion

Exploration and Expansion. Essential Questions. What factors contributed to the Europeans entrance into their age of discovery and expansion? What were the general consequences of European expansion?. Technology. Compass (China) Astrolabe (Arabs) – latitude/longitude

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Exploration and Expansion

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  1. Exploration and Expansion

  2. Essential Questions • What factors contributed to the Europeans entrance into their age of discovery and expansion? • What were the general consequences of European expansion?

  3. Technology • Compass (China) • Astrolabe (Arabs) – latitude/longitude • Triangle-shaped sails (Arabs) - faster

  4. Reasons for Expansion • Three G’s • Gold (Economic) – Wealth; markets in Asia (spices) • Glory (Political)– Power • Strong monarchies (Portugal, Spain, France, England) • Humanism/Renaissance • God – (Religious) Christianity

  5. Portuguese • Prince Henry the Navigator – established a school for sailors • Bartholomew Diaz – 1487, Cape of Good Hope in S. Africa • Vasco da Gama – 1498, around Africa to India

  6. Spanish • Columbus (October 12,1492) • Ferdinand and Isabella – Spain • Need a western route to Asia – why? • San Salvador (Bahamas) • Called natives “Indians” • Made 3 more trips; never knew he had discovered a new continent • Magellan • Circumnavigated the globe – first complete western water route to Asia • He died in the Philippines

  7. Dividing the New World 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas splits new territory • Brazil = Portuguese • Rest of South America = Spanish

  8. Spanish Empire • Columbian Exchange • Europe Received – corn, cocoa, potatoes, sweet potatoes, beans • Americas Received – horses, cows, pigs, sugar; ultimately disease • Conquistadors • Cortes – conquered Aztecs in Mexico • Pizarro – conquered Incas in Peru

  9. European Rivals • Dutch (Netherlands) • New Netherlands (NY) • Dutch East India Company • French • Looked for the Northwest Passage through America • Champlain (Quebec) • Fur trade w/Indians • English • 1607 -Jamestown – John Smith – 1st perm. English settlement • Oldest settlement? (1565)

  10. Slave Trade • Slavery not new to Africa • Sent to Middle East for domestic work • Sugarcane (Portuguese) • Changed slavery for Europeans • Plantations in Caribbean and Brazil • African slave traders controlled slave trade • Middle Passage • Destroyed traditional African societies as demand for slaves increased

  11. Middle Passage

  12. Results of Expansion • Great wealth for European nations – greed and power • Rivalries developed over colonies • Increased European trade with Asia • Colonization of the Americas • Destruction of Native populations (disease, superior technology) • Dramatic increase in the slave trade • African civilizations destroyed • New products (Columbian Exchange)

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