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Matter

Matter. What is “matter”?. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) Question: Which contains more matter, a basketball or a beachball?. Pure Substances are either: a) elements b) compounds. Pure Substances. Element : Simplest kind of matter.

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Matter

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  1. Matter

  2. What is “matter”? • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) • Question: Which contains more matter, a basketball or a beachball?

  3. Pure Substances are either: a) elements b) compounds

  4. Pure Substances • Element: • Simplest kind of matter. • Cannot be separated into simpler substances by a chemical change. (See PT). • All one kind of atom

  5. Pure Substances • Atom: • The smallest unit of an element that retains the identity of that element.

  6. Pure Substances • Element: • Currently, there are 117 elements • Elements have a 1 or two letter symbol, • First letter capitalized, second letter lower case. • Some symbols are based on the Latin names for the elements. • B, Ba, C, Ca, H, He

  7. Pure Substances • Compound • 2 or more elements (atoms) combined in a fixed proportions.

  8. Pure Substances • Compound • The compound has completely different properties than the original elements. • Can be broken down only by chemical means!

  9. Pure Substances • Compounds: • compounds have a formula. • Water – H2O • Sugar: C6H12O6

  10. Pure Substances • Elements and compounds are pure substances because they each have their own unique physical and chemical properties.

  11. Pure SubstancesHow to identify a compound: • Identify it by if it starts with an element… • Cobalt chloride • Sodium chloride • Magnesium sulfate

  12. Pure SubstancesHow to identify a compound: • Identify it by if it is a combination of elemental symbols • NaCl • MgSO4 • PbCl4

  13. Pure SubstancesHow to identify a compound: • Common Compounds • Rubbing alcohol • Sugar • Salt • Water (all states) • Baking soda

  14. Mixtures • A physical blend of 2 or more pure substances • Have variable composition. • Every part of a mixture keeps it’s own properties.

  15. Mixtures • Can occur between any state of matter: gas in gas; liquid in gas; gas in liquid; solid in liquid; solid in solid (alloys), etc.

  16. Types of Mixtures Heterogeneous • The mixture is not uniform in composition • You can visibly see the different parts • Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil

  17. Types of Mixtures Homogeneous • Same composition throughout • You cannot see different parts • Called “solutions” • Kool-aid, air, salt water

  18. Which is it?

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