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Matter

Matter. Matter is anything that has mass or takes up space. Physical States. Solid, Liquid, and Gas. Solid. Solid matter has definite shape and volume Solids can be two types. 1. Crystalline Solids. Crystalline is a type of solid that has a regular arrangement or pattern to its atoms.

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Matter

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  1. Matter • Matter is anything that has mass or takes up space

  2. Physical States Solid, Liquid, and Gas

  3. Solid • Solid matter has definite shape and volume • Solids can be two types

  4. 1. Crystalline Solids • Crystalline is a type of solid that has a regular arrangement or pattern to its atoms

  5. 2. Amorphous Solids • Amorphous solids have no particular arrangement of their atoms. • Examples: plastics and gels

  6. Crystalline v. Amorphous

  7. LIQUIDS • Liquid: Definite volume but not definite shape

  8. Gases • A gas has neither definite volume nor shape

  9. Matching Terms Definitions A. no definite volume or shape B. Definite volume AND shape C. repeating pattern of atoms D. Definite volume but not definite shape E. Anything that takes up space or has mass • 1. ____ Matter • 2. ____ Solid • 3. ____ Crystalline • 4. ____ Liquid • 5. ____ Gas

  10. Matching Terms Definitions A. no definite volume or shape B. Definite volume AND shape C. repeating pattern of atoms D. Definite volume but not definite shape E. Anything that takes up space or has mass • 1. __E_ Matter • 2. __B_ Solid • 3. __C_ Crystalline • 4. __D_ Liquid • 5. __A__Gas

  11. Substances • Substance: kind of matter with definite, fixed composition.

  12. Analysis Classifying Matter

  13. Back to Main Page Elements • Fundamental substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means to a simpler substance • Ex. Any element can be found on the periodic table.

  14. Compounds • Compounds are elements that have been bonded together (by their electrons) • Examples: pure water, salt, & sugar

  15. If it is not a pure substance (element or compound), then it is a mixture. The types of mixtures can be distinguished by the number of phases

  16. Phases • Phase = part of a system separated by physical boundaries from the other parts

  17. How many different phases do you see?

  18. Mixtures • If a substance is NOT a pure substance than it is a mixture • Mixtures can be two types • Homogeneous: one phase, uniform • Heterogeneous: two or more phases

  19. Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

  20. Terms A. element B. compound C. Homogeneous mixture D. Heterogeneous mixture Pictures 1. 2. 3. 4. Matching

  21. Matching • A. element • B. compound • C. Homogeneous mixture • D. Heterogeneous mixture

  22. So… How do you know?

  23. Now begin HW • Read the worksheet on Describing Matter • Answer questions on the back • Read the worksheet on Elements from Stardust • Answer questions on the back

  24. Elements and Names • Atoms are the smallest particle of an element that can exist • Symbols are the one or two letter abbreviations for the elements. The first letter is always capitalized and the second (if there is one) is NEVER capitalized.

  25. Metals, Metalloids and Nonmetals • Metals: high luster, high melting point, good conductors of electricity, ductile (can be drawn into wire), malleable (can be smashed into thin sheets) • Nonmetals: no luster, low melting points, poor conductors, neither ductile or malleable • Metalloids: intermediate properties

  26. Group Numbers

  27. Formulas • Chemical Formulas show the symbols and ratios of the atoms of an element in a compound • Ex. H2O (2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen) • Ca(NO3)2 • (1 calcium, 2 nitrogen and 6 oxygen) • 4(NH4)2SO4 • (8 N, 32 H, 4 S, and 16 O)

  28. Now complete the homework • Read pp. 120-128 • P. 128 Q#8

  29. Density A ratio of measurements

  30. Density • Density is a ratio of the mass to volume • Density = mass (usually in g) / volume (usually in mL or cm3) • 1mL = 1 cm3

  31. Gold coin Styrofoam peanut Which would have a larger density?

  32. Formula for Density • D = m/v • Solve for V in terms of m and D • V = m/D • Solve for m in terms of v and D • m = (V) (D)

  33. Example • Find the density of a substance which has a mass of 9.01 g and a volume of 5.38 mL • D = m/v • D = 9.01 g/ 5.38 mL • 1.67472119 (round for sig figs) • 1.67 g/mL

  34. Example • The mass of a sample is 6.835 g and a density of 13.67 cm3. Find the volume. • D = m/v • V= m/d • V = 6.835g/ 13.67 g/cm3 • V = 0.5 (round for sig figs) • V= 0.5000 cm3

  35. Ex. Side 1 H Ex. Side 2 hydrogen Now begin making flashcards of the 30 elements and symbols

  36. Metal Nonmetal Semiconductor Alkaline metal Alkaline earth metal Transition metal Halogen Nobel gas Define these terms. Pages 120 – 128 are an excellent resource to find this information.

  37. Diatomic Elements • Some elements always occur as diatomic molecules when they are in their elemental state (not bonded to any other element) • Ex. H by itself is H2 as is F2, N2, O2, Cl2, Br2, I2 • But other elements like Na or Fe are not diatomic

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